Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the main crops in Argentina. Most of the studies of pathogenicity in the Fusarium graminearum complex have focused on strains isolated from wheat and maize, and there is little information on strains isolated from soybean. Our objective in the present study was to compare the pathogenicity among soybean isolates of different phylogenetic species within the Fusarium graminearum complex on soybean seedlings under controlled conditions. Six strains representing three different phylogenetic species (F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. cortaderiae) were identified by partial sequencing of the Translation Elongation Factor -1α gene (TEF-1) and evaluated for pathogenicity. All six strains reduced emergence, mainly by causing pre-emergence damping-off, seedling height and root dry weight and produced abnormal seedlings. The mean disease severity averaged across all isolates was approximately 3.0 in a 0–4 rating scale where 0 = healthy seedling and 4 = dead seedling. Significant differences in pathogenicity were observed among F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. cortaderiae. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that different phylogenetic species within the Fusarium graminearum complex isolated from soybean are pathogenic under controlled conditions to soybean seedlings in Argentina. The present study demonstrates for the first time the pathogenic effect of F. meridionale on soybean in Argentina.
References
Akinsanmi, O. A., Chakraborty, S., Backhouse, D., & Simpfendorfer, S. (2007). Passage through alternative hosts changes the fitness of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum. Environmental Microbiology, 9, 512–520.
Alvarez, C. L., Somma, S., Proctor, R. H., Stea, G., Mulè, G., Logrieco, A., et al. (2011). Genetic diversity in Fusarium graminearum from a major wheat-producing region of Argentina. Toxins, 3, 1294–1309.
Baird, R. E., Mullinix, B. G., Perry, A. B., & Lang, M. L. (1997). Diversity and longevity of the soybean debris mycobiota in a no-tillage system. Plant Disease, 81, 530–534.
Barros, G., Oviedo, M. S., Ramirez, M. L., & Chulze, S. (2011). Safety aspects in soybean food and feed chains: Fungal and mycotoxins contamination. In N. Tzi-Bun (Ed.), Soybean -biochemistry, chemistry and physiology (pp. 7–20). Rijeka: InTech-Open Access Publisher.
Barros, G., Alaniz Zanon, M. S., Abod, A., Oviedo, M. S., Ramirez, M. L., Reynoso, M. M., et al. (2012). Natural deoxynivalenol occurrence and genotype and chemotype determination of a field population of the Fusarium graminearum complex associated with soybean in Argentina. Food Additives and Contaminants, 29, 293–303.
Broders, K. D., Lipps, P. E., Paul, P. A., & Dorrance, A. E. (2007). Evaluation of Fusarium graminearum associated with corn and soybean seed and seedling in Ohio. Plant Disease, 91, 1155–1160.
Chulze, S., Ramirez, M. L., Farnochi, M. C., Pascale, M., Visconti, A., & March, G. (1996). Fusarium and fumonisins occurrence in Argentinian corn at different ear maturity stages. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44, 2797–2801.
Diaz Arias, M. M., Leandro, L. F., & Munkvold, G. P. (2013). Aggressiveness of Fusarium species and impact of root infection on growth and yield of soybeans. Phytopathology, 103, 822–832.
Ellis, M. L., Broders, K. D., Paul, P. A., & Dorrance, A. E. (2011). Infection of soybean seed by Fusarium graminearum and effect of seed treatments on disease under controlled conditions. Plant Disease, 95, 401–407.
Fernandez, M. R., & Fernandes, J. M. C. (1990). Survival of wheat pathogens in wheat and soybean residues under conservation tillage systems in southern and central Brazil. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 12, 289–294.
García-Romera, I., García-Garrido, J. M., Martin, J., Fracchia, S., Mujica, M. T., Godeas, A., et al. (1998). Interactions between saprophitic Fusarium strains and arbuscular mycorrhizas of soybean plants. Symbiosis, 24, 235–245.
Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium, 41, 95–98.
Jacobsen, B. J., Harbin, K. S., Swanson, S. P., Lambert, R. J., Beasley, V. R., Sinclair, J. B., et al. (1995). Occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins associated with field mold damage soybeans in the Midwest. Plant Disease, 79, 86–88.
Leslie, J. F., & Summerell, B. A. (2006). The Fusarium laboratory manual. Ames: Blackwell Professional.
Marinelli, A., Oddino, C., García, J., Tarditi, L., Ferrari, S., & D’Eramo, L. et al. (2010). Podredumbre del tallo y raíz del maíz en la región centro sur de Córdoba. IX Congreso Nacional de Maíz. Simposio Nacional de Sorgo. 17–19 de Noviembre de 2010. Rosario, Argentina. pp. 22–24.
Martinelli, J. A., Bocchese, C. A. C., Xie, W., O’Donnell, K., & Kistler, H. C. (2004). Soybean pod blight and root rot caused by lineages of Fusarium graminearum and the production of mycotoxins. Fitopatolia Brasileira, 29, 492–498.
Miller, J. D., Culley, J., Fraser, K., Hubbard, S., Meloche, F., Ouellet, T., et al. (1998). Effect of tillage practices on Fusarium head blight of wheat. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 20, 95–103.
Munkvold, G. P. (2003). Cultural and genetic approaches to managing mycotoxins in maize. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 41, 99–116.
Nirenberg, H. I. (1976). Untersuchungen über die morphologische und biologisch Diffrenzieerum in der Fusarium Sekion Lisiola. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt Für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, 169, 1–117.
O’Donnell, K., Kistler, H. C., Tacke, B. K., & Casper, H. H. (2000). Gene genealogies reveal global phylogeographic structure and reproductive isolation among lineages of Fusarium graminearum, the fungus causing wheat scab. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 97, 7905–7910.
O’Donnell, K., Ward, T. J., Geiser, D. M., Kistler, H. C., & Aoki, T. (2004). Genealogical concordance between the mating type locus and seven other nuclear genes supports formal recognition of nine phylogenetically distinct species within the Fusarium graminearum clade. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 41, 600–623.
O’Donnell, K., Ward, T. J., Aberra, D., Kistler, H. C., Aoki, T., Orwig, N. G., et al. (2008). Multilocus genotyping and molecular phylogenetics resolve a novel head blight pathogen within the Fusarium graminearum species complex from Ethiopia. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 45, 1514–1522.
Osorio, J. A., & McGee, D. C. (1992). Effect of freezing damage on soybean seed mycoflora and germination. Plant Disease, 76, 879–882.
Palazzini, J. M., Groenenboom-de Haas, B. H., Torres, A. M., Köhl, J., & Chulze, S. N. (2012). Biocontrol and population dynamics of Fusarium spp. on wheat stubble in Argentina. Plant Pathology. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02686.x.
Pengue, W. (2005). Transgenic crops in Argentina: the ecological and social debt. Bulletin of Science Technology Society, 25, 314–322.
Peruzzo, A., Pioli, R., Montiel, C., Lurá, M. C. & Gonzalez, A. M. (2011). Transmission de deoxinivalenol a la harina de soja por infecciones de Fusarium graminearum en invernadero. V Congreso de la soja del Mercosur. 14–16 de septiembre. Rosario, Argentina. pp. 1–4
Pioli, R. N., Mozzoni, L., & Morandi, E. N. (2004). First report of pathogenic association between Fusarium graminearum and soybean. Plant Disease, 88, 220.
Rahjoo, V., Zad, J., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Mirzadi Gohari, A., Okhovvat, S. M., Bihamta, M. R., et al. (2008). Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium isolated from maize ears in Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology, 90, 463–468.
Ramirez, M. L., Reynoso, M. M., Farnochi, M. C., Torres, A. M., Leslie, J. F., & Chulze, S. N. (2007). Population genetic structure of Gibberella zeae isolated from wheat in Argentina. Food Additives and Contaminants, 24, 1115–1120.
Sampietro, D. A., Marín, P., Iglesias, J., Presello, D. A., Vattuone, M. A., Catalan, C. A. N., et al. (2010). A molecular based strategy for rapid diagnosis of toxigenic Fusarium species associated to cereal grains from Argentina. Fungal Biology, 114, 74–81.
Sampietro, D. A., Díaz, C. G., Gonzalez, V., Vattuone, M. A., Ploper, L. D., Catalan, C. A., et al. (2011). Species diversity and toxigenic potential of Fusarium graminearum complex isolates from maize fields in northwest Argentina. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 145, 359–364.
Sarver, B., Ward, T., Gale, L., Broz, K., Kistler, H. C., Aoki, T., et al. (2011). Novel Fusarium head blight pathogens from Nepal and Louisiana revealed by multilocus genealogical concordance. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 48, 1096–1107.
SAS Institute. (1998). SAS user guide. Cary: SAS Institute Inc.
Singleton, L. L., Mihail, J. D., & Rush, C. M. (1993). Methods for research on soilborne phytopahogenic fungi (2nd ed.). St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society.
Starkey, D. E., Ward, T. J., Aoki, T., Gale, L. R., Kistler, H. C., Geiser, D. M., et al. (2007). Global molecular surveillance reveals novel Fusarium head blight species and trichothecene toxin diversity. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 44, 1191–1204.
Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22, 4673–4680.
Ward, T. D., Clear, R. M., Rooney, A. P., O’Donnell, K., Gaba, D., Patrick, S., et al. (2008). An adaptive evolutionary shift in Fusarium head blight pathogen populations is driving the rapid spread of more toxigenic Fusarium graminearum in North America. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 45, 473–484.
Wicklow, D. T., Bennet, G. A., & Shotwell, O. L. (1987). Secondary invasion of soybean by Fusarium graminearum and result in mycotoxin contamination. Plant Disease, 71, 1146.
Xue, A. G., Cober, E., Voldeng, H. D., Babcock, C., & Clear, R. M. (2007). Evaluation of the pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum on soybean seedlings under controlled conditions. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 29, 35–40.
Yli-Mattila, T., Gagkaeva, T., Ward, T. J., Aoki, T., Kistler, H. C., & O’Donnell, K. (2009). A novel Asian clade within the Fusarium graminearum species complex includes a newly discovered cereal head blight pathogen from the Russian Far East. Mycologia, 101, 841–852.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (SECyT-UNRC 2010–2012) and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2457/11). Alaniz Zanon, M.S and Chiotta, M.L. are fellow of CONICET and Barros, G., Reynoso, M.M. and Chulze, S. are members of the Research Career of CONICET. The authors thank Dr. John Leslie for revision of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barros, G.G., Zanon, M.S.A., Chiotta, M.L. et al. Pathogenicity of phylogenetic species in the Fusarium graminearum complex on soybean seedlings in Argentina. Eur J Plant Pathol 138, 215–222 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0332-2
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0332-2