Abstract
In guava decline, Fusarium solani-immune guava trees become susceptible to extensive root rot caused by this fungus after parasitism by Meloidogyne enterolobii. To understand the mechanisms involved in this disease, root exudates were collected from nematode-inoculated (NI) or uninoculated (UN) guava plants cultivated in sand. After filtration through a Millipore® membrane, NI and UN exudates were used: i) to prepare media to assess their effect on mycelial growth and production of propagules of F. solani isolate UENF/CF 163, and ii) to incubate macro- and microconidia to assess their effect on germination. NI exudates promoted (P < 0.05) more mycelial growth and production of propagules than UN exudates or water. NI and UN exudates were used to water guava seedlings laid over seed germination paper inside plastic boxes. Half of the seedlings had an agar plug colonized by the fungus positioned in the collar region. Upon watering with NI exudates the fungus caused (P < 0.05) extensive rotting of the seedlings’ rootlets. NI and UN exudates, either unlyophilized or lyophilized and re-suspended to the original concentration, were used to water guava seedlings grown in sterile sand before being inoculated (or left uninoculated) as described before. Solely upon watering with NI exudates, in its unlyophilized form or after lyophilization, the fungus caused a reduction (P < 0.05) of shoot and root biomass associated with rotting of roots. These results suggest that M. enterolobii induces chemical changes in the root exudates of guava trees, which are necessary for root invasion causing root rotting by F. solani.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almeida, A. M., Gomes, V. M., & Souza, R. M. (2011). Greenhouse and field assessment of rhizobacteria to control guava decline. Bragantia, 70, 837–842.
Anonymous (2006). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo Agropecuário. http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/agric/default.asp?t=3&z=t&o=11&u1=1&u2=1&u3=1&u4=1&u5=1&u6=1. Acessed 2 September 2010.
Back, M. A., Haydock, P. P. J., & Jenkinson, P. (2002). Disease complexes involving plant parasitic nematodes and soilborne pathogens. Plant Pathology, 51, 683–697.
Back, M. A., Jenkinson, P., Deliopoulos, T., & Haydock, P. (2010). Modifications in the potato rhizosphere during infestations of Globodera rostochiensis and subsequent effects on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 128, 459–471.
Bergeson, G. B., Van Gundy, S. D., & Thomason, I. J. (1970). Effect of Meloidogyne javanica on rhizosphere microflora and Fusarium wilt of tomato. Phytopathology, 60, 1245–1249.
Bertin, C., Yang, X., & Wesron, A. (2003). The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere. Plant and Soil, 256, 67–83.
Bowen, G. D., & Rovira, A. D. (1991). The rhizosphere. In Y. Waisel, A. Eshal, & U. Kafkafi (Eds.), Plant roots – the hidden half (pp. 641–669). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Bruehl, G. W. (1987). Soilborne plant pathogens. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Dhingra, O. D., & Sinclair, J. B. (1995). Basic plant pathology methods (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Francl, L. J., & Weeler, T. A. (1993). Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes wilt inducing fungi. In M. W. Khan (Ed.), Nematode interactions (pp. 79–103). London: Chapman and Hall.
Gomes, V. M., Souza, R. M., Mussi-Dias, V., Silveira, S. F., & Dolinski, C. (2011). Guava decline: a complex disease involving Meloidogyne mayaguensis and Fusarium solani. Journal of Phytopathology, 159, 45–50.
Gomes, V. M., Souza, R. M., Midorikawa, G., Miller, R., & Almeida, A. M. (2012). Guava decline: evidence of nationwide incidence in Brazil. Nematropica, 42, 153–162.
Gonzaga Neto, L., & Soares, J. M. (1994). Goiaba para exportação: aspectos técnicos da produção. (Série Publicações Técnicas FRUPEX, 5). Brasília: Embrapa.
Hale, M. G., Moore, L. D., & Griffin, G. J. (1978). Root exudates and exudation. In Y. R. Dommergues & S. V. Krupa (Eds.), Interaction between non-pathogenic soil microorganisms and plants (pp. 163–203). Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.
He, C., Hsiang, T., & Wolyn, D. J. (2001). Activation of defence responces to Fusarium infection in Asparagus densiflorus. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 107, 473–483.
Hillocks, R. J., & Waller, J. M. (1997). Soilborne diseases and their importance in tropical agriculture. Wallingford: CAB International.
Kennedy, J. F., & Cabral, J. M. S. (1993). Recovery processes for biological materials. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
Michereff, S. J., Andrade, D. E. G. T., & Menezes, M. (2005). Ecologia e manejo de patógenos radiculares em solos tropicais. Recife: Editora da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco.
Miranda, G. B., Souza, R. M., & Viana, A. P. (2010). Assessment of methods and criteria for screening Psidium spp. for resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii. Nematologia Brasileira, 34, 211–219.
Morrison, K. B., & Righelato, R. C. (1974). The relationship between hyphal branching, specific growth rate and colony radial growth rate in Penicillium chrysogenum. Journal of General Microbiology, 81, 517–520.
Nelson, E. B. (1990). Exudate molecules initiating fungal responses to seeds and roots. Plant and Soil, 129, 61–73.
Pereira, F. O. M., Souza, R. M., Souza, P. M., Dolinski, C., & Santos, G. K. (2009). Estimativa do impacto econômico e social direto de Meloidogyne mayaguensis na cultura da goiaba no Brasil. Nematologia Brasileira, 33, 176–181.
Perez-Leblic, M. I., Reyes, F., Martinez, M. J., & Lahoz, R. (1982). Cell wall degradation in the autolysis of filamentous fungi. Mycopathologia, 80, 147–155.
Prestrelski, S. J., Tedeschi, N., Arakawa, T., & Carpentert, J. F. (1993). Dehydration-induced conformational transitions in proteins and their inhibition by stabilizers. Biophysical Journal, 65, 661–671.
Rovira, A. D. (1969). Plant root exudates. The Botanical Review, 35, 35–57.
Schroth, M. N., & Hildebrand, D. C. (1964). Influence of plant exudates on root-infecting fungi. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2, 101–132.
Trinci, A. P. J. (1969). A kinetic study of the growth of Aspergillus nidulans and other fungi. Journal of General Microbiology, 57, 1–24.
Trinci, A. P. J. (1974). A study of the kinetics of hyphal extension and branch initiation of fungal mycelia. Journal of General Microbiology, 81, 225–236.
Van Gundy, S. D., Kirkpatrick, J. D., & Golden, J. (1977). The nature and role of metabolic leakage from root-knot nematode galls and infection by Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Nematology, 9, 113–121.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gomes, V.M., Souza, R.M., da Silveira, S.F. et al. Guava decline: effect of root exudates from Meloidogyne enterolobii-parasitized plants on Fusarium solani in vitro and on growth and development of guava seedlings under controlled conditions. Eur J Plant Pathol 137, 393–401 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0251-2
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0251-2