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Climate change impacts on plant canopy architecture: implications for pest and pathogen management

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Abstract

Climate change influences on pests and pathogens are mainly plant-mediated. Rising carbon dioxide and temperature and altered precipitation modifies plant growth and development with concomitant changes in canopy architecture, size, density, microclimate and the quantity of susceptible tissue. The modified host physiology and canopy microclimate at elevated carbon dioxide influences production, dispersal and survival of pathogen inoculum and feeding behaviour of insect pests. Elevated temperature accelerates plant growth and developmental rates to modify canopy architecture and pest and pathogen development. Altered precipitation affects canopy architecture through either drought or flooding stress with corresponding effects on pests and pathogens. But canopy-level interactions are largely ignored in epidemiology models used to project climate change impacts. Nevertheless, models based on rules of plant morphogenesis have been used to explore pest and pathogen dynamics and their trophic interactions under elevated carbon dioxide. The prospect of modifying canopy architecture for pest and disease management has also been raised. We offer a conceptual framework incorporating canopy characteristics in the traditional disease triangle concept to advance understanding of host-pathogen-environment interactions and explore how climate change may influence these interactions. From a review of recent literature we summarize interrelationships between canopy architecture of cultivated crops, pest and pathogen biology and climate change under four areas of research: (a) relationships between canopy architecture, microclimate and host-pathogen interaction; (b) effect of climate change related variables on canopy architecture; (c) development of pests and pathogens in modified canopy under climate change; and (d) pests and pathogen management under climate change.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Bernard Tivoli and other organizers of the international conference on plant canopy architecture impact on disease epidemiology and pest development, which provided the impetus for this paper. Many colleagues have generously offered advice and ideas to contribute to opinions expressed in this review. Some of the findings come from research by graduate students including Peter Wilson, Femi Akinsanmi, Rhyannyn Westecott and Paul Melloy and technical assistance from Ross Perrott. Co-investment in research from the National Greenhouse Advisory Committee, Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity and CSIRO Plant Industry is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Crop Protection Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines, 4031

    Ireneo B. Pangga

  2. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Biological Information Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072

    Jim Hanan

  3. CSIRO Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia

    Sukumar Chakraborty

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  1. Ireneo B. Pangga
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Correspondence to Sukumar Chakraborty.

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Pangga, I.B., Hanan, J. & Chakraborty, S. Climate change impacts on plant canopy architecture: implications for pest and pathogen management. Eur J Plant Pathol 135, 595–610 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-0118-y

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