Abstract
Four green-odour compounds—trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexenol, n-hexanal, and cis-3-hexenal—were applied (0.85 μg ml−1 as vapour) to rice plants in laboratory conditions to observe their biological activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Maganporthe oryzae, which causes rice blast disease worldwide. Two compounds, trans-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenal, showed remarkable disease suppression efficacy (99.7% and 100% suppression, respectively), while n-hexanal had moderate (86.5%) and cis-3-hexenol had weak (20.8%) disease-suppressing effects. Pre-application and post-application of trans-2-hexenal or cis-3-hexenal had slight effects on blast incidence, suggesting that these compounds had direct effects to suppress M. oryzae infection. In fact, trans-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenal exhibited a growth suppression effect on M. oryzae. Interestingly, these two compounds inhibited appressorium formation at lower concentrations than the growth suppression. Studies on the hypersensitive response (HR)-like reaction and plant β-1,3-glucanase activity in rice plant confirmed that induced resistance was not the major factor involved in the disease suppression mechanism. Results of this study conclusively showed that trans-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenal possess potent inhibitory activities against the growth and the appressorium formation of M. oryzae and could be used as antifungal agents to significantly reduce M. oryzae infections in rice.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Laboratory Head Dr. Y. Arimoto (Arimoto Laboratory, RIKEN, Japan) for providing the growth room space. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (FY2007, JSPS/FF1/30, ID No.: P 07626), Japan, and a Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Research University Grant (01-04-10-1040RU).
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Tajul, M.I., Motoyama, T., Hatanaka, A. et al. Green-odour compounds have antifungal activity against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . Eur J Plant Pathol 132, 91–100 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9851-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9851-x