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ROS and NO production in compatible and incompatible tomato-Meloidogyne incognita interactions

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Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be an essential regulatory molecule in plant response to pathogen infection in synergy with reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the present, nothing is known about the role of NO in disease resistance to nematode infection. We used a resistant tomato cultivar with different sensitivity to avirulent and virulent populations of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita to investigate the key components involved in oxidative and nitrosative metabolism. We analyzed the superoxide radical production, hydrogen peroxide content, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase activities, as potential sources of NO. A rapid NO accumulation and ROS production were found at 12 h after infection in compatible and incompatible tomato-nematode interactions, whereas the amount of NO and ROS gave different results 24 and 48 h after infection amongst compatible and incompatible interactions. NOS-like arginine-dependent enzyme rather than nitrate reductase was the main source of NO production, and NOS-like activity increased substantially in the incompatible interaction. We can envisage a functional overlap of both NO and ROS in tomato defence response to nematode invasion, NO and H2O2 cooperating in triggering hypersensitive cell death. Therefore, NO and ROS are key molecules which may help to orchestrate events following nematode challenge, and which may influence the host cellular metabolism.

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Abbreviations

cPTIO:

2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide

DAF-2DA:

4,5 diaminofluorescein diacetate

DAPI:

4′,6-diamidino-2- phenylindole dihydrochloride

DPI:

Diphenylene-iodonium

HPF:

2-[6-(4′-hydroxy) phenoxy-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl] benzoic acid

Mn-DFA:

Mn-desferrioxamine

L-NAME:

NG-nitro-L-Arg methyl ester

ONOO− :

Peroxynitrite

SHAM:

Salicylhydroxamate

XTT:

Na, 3′-{1-[phenylamino-carbonyl]-3,4-tetrazolium}-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene-sulfonic acid hydrate

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Roberto Lerario for his helpful assistance with Figures. This work was supported by COST Action 872 “Exploiting genomics to understand plant-nematode interactions”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Maria Teresa Melillo, Paola Leonetti, Pasqua Veronico & Teresa Bleve-Zacheo

  2. Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Strada Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy

    Antonella Leone

Authors
  1. Maria Teresa Melillo
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  2. Paola Leonetti
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  3. Antonella Leone
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  4. Pasqua Veronico
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  5. Teresa Bleve-Zacheo
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Correspondence to Maria Teresa Melillo.

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Maria Teresa Melillo and Paola Leonetti contributed equally to this paper.

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Melillo, M.T., Leonetti, P., Leone, A. et al. ROS and NO production in compatible and incompatible tomato-Meloidogyne incognita interactions. Eur J Plant Pathol 130, 489–502 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9768-4

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