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The effect of different carbon sources on phenotypic expression by Fusarium graminearum strains

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Abstract

Two Fusarium graminearum strains were cultured in glucose yeast extract peptone broth or minimal medium broth to measure the production of mycelial biomass, pH, mycotoxins, and aurofusarin pigment, when limited to single carbon sources (at 1%), including xylan, cellulose, starch, or glucose. A random complete block design with factorial arrangement and analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.01 were employed to test for treatment differences. Overall, the F. graminearum strains produced significantly more biomass, deoxynivalenol, and aurofusarin with xylan than with cellulose. No significant differences were found in terms of 15–acetyldeoxynivalenol production from the four carbon sources. The presence of significant interactions between the strains, carbon sources, and media led to the following specific differences. In yeast extract peptone broth, R-9828 strain yielded significantly more deoxynivalenol production with xylan than cellulose and R-9832 produced significantly more mycelium (biomass) with xylan than cellulose. R-9828 strain yielded significantly more deoxynivalenol production than the R-9832 strain. Also in yeast extract peptone broth, cellulose led to significantly higher pH values than other carbons, which might be due to the limited ability of the Fusarium strains to utilize cellulose as an energy source. Aurofusarin was the only expressed analyte to show a significant difference in minimal medium broth, and R-9832 produced significantly more aurofusarin with xylan than with cellulose in the broth. These results suggest that xylan may induce Fusarium growth and deoxynivalenol production to assist the infection process and may support the theory that F. graminearum invades through xylan in the cell walls of cereals.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of Variance

AU:

Absorbance Unit

3-ADON:

3-acetyldexynivalenol

15-ADON:

5-acetyldeoxynivalenol

CMC:

carboxymethycellulose

CLA:

carnation leaf agar

DON:

deoxynivalenol

FHB:

Fusarium head blight

GYEP:

glucose yeast extract peptone broth

HPLC:

high performance liquid chromatography

MM:

Minimal medium broth

NIV:

nivalenol

PDA:

photodiode array detector

RCBD:

random complete block design

ZEN:

zeralenone

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dairy Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA

    Huimin Zhang

  2. Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050-Dept. 7690, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA

    Charlene Wolf-Hall

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  1. Huimin Zhang
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  2. Charlene Wolf-Hall
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Correspondence to Huimin Zhang.

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Zhang, H., Wolf-Hall, C. The effect of different carbon sources on phenotypic expression by Fusarium graminearum strains. Eur J Plant Pathol 127, 137–148 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-010-9578-0

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