Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In search of the causes of Parkinson’s disease, seasons 1 to 4

  • COMMENTARY
  • Published:
European Journal of Epidemiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Wirdefeldt K, Adami HO, Cole P, Trichopoulos D, Mandel J. Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9581-6.

  2. Wang A, Costello S, Cockburn M, Zhang Z, Bronstein J, Ritz B. Parkinson’s disease risk from ambient exposure to pesticides. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9574-5.

  3. Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW, Irwin I. Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science. 1983;219:979–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Priyadarshi A, Khuder SA, Schaub EA, Shrivastava S. A meta-analysis of Parkinson’s disease and exposure to pesticides. Neurotoxicology. 2000;21:435–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Priyadarshi A, Khuder SA, Schaub EA, Priyadarshi SS. Environmental risk factors and Parkinson’s disease: a metaanalysis. Environ Res. 2001;86:122–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Brown TP, Rumsby PC, Capleton AC, Rushton L, Levy LS. Pesticides and Parkinson’s disease–is there a link? Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114:156–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hernan MA, Takkouche B, CaamanoIsorna F, GestalOtero JJ. A meta-analysis of coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol. 2002;52:276–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ritz B, Ascherio A, Checkoway H, Marder KS, Nelson LM, Rocca WA, et al. Pooled analysis of tobacco use and risk of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2007;64:990–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tanner CM, Goldman SM, Aston DA, Ottman R, Ellenberg J, Mayeux R, et al. Smoking and Parkinson’s disease in twins. Neurology. 2002;58:581–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Wirdefeldt K, Gatz M, Pawitan Y, Pedersen NL. Risk and protective factors for Parkinson’s disease: a study in Swedish twins. Ann Neurol. 2005;57:27–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Elbaz A, Bower JH, Peterson BJ, Maraganore D, McDonnell SK, Ahlskog JE, et al. Survival study of Parkinson disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:91–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen H, Zhang SM, Schwarzschild MA, Hernan MA, Ascherio A. Survival of Parkinson’s disease patients in a large prospective cohort of male health professionals. Mov Disord. 2006;21:1002–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen H, Huang X, Guo X, Mailman RB, Park Y, Kamel F, et al. Smoking duration, intensity, and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2010;74:878–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ritz B, Rhodes SL. After half a century of research on smoking, PD, where do we go now? Neurology. 2010;74:870–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mellick GD, Gartner CE, Silburn PA, Battistuta D. Passive smoking and Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2006;67:179–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. O’Reilly EJ, Chen H, Gardener H, Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Smoking and Parkinson’s disease: using parental smoking as a proxy to explore causality. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169:678–82.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Pappas N, Logan J, MacGregor R, et al. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B in the brains of smokers. Nature. 1996;379:733–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hong DP, Fink AL, Uversky VN. Smoking and Parkinson’s disease: does nicotine affect alpha-synuclein fibrillation? Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1794:282–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Savica R, Rocca WA, Ahlskog JE. When does Parkinson disease start? Arch Neurol. 2010;67:798–801.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Tan LC, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Wang R, Au WL, Tan JH, et al. Differential effects of black versus green tea on risk of Parkinson’s disease in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167:553–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Stacy M, Silver D, Mendis T, Sutton J, Mori A, Chaikin P, et al. A 12-week, placebo-controlled study (6002-US-006) of istradefylline in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2008;70:2233–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Williams A. MPTP parkinsonism. BMJ. 1984;289:1401–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kamel F, Tanner C, Umbach D, Hoppin J, Alavanja M, Blair A, et al. Pesticide exposure and self-reported Parkinson’s disease in the agricultural health study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165:364–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Elbaz A, Clavel J, Rathouz PJ, Moisan F, Galanaud JP, Delemotte B, et al. Professional exposure to pesticides and Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol. 2009;66:494–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Dick FD, De PG, Ahmadi A, Scott NW, Prescott GJ, Bennett J, et al. Environmental risk factors for Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonism: the Geoparkinson study. Occup Environ Med. 2007;64:666–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hatcher JM, Pennell KD, Miller GW. Parkinson’s disease and pesticides: a toxicological perspective. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008;29:322–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Cory-Slechta DA, Thiruchelvam M, Barlow BK, Richfield EK. Developmental pesticide models of the Parkinson disease phenotype. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:1263–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Gatto NM, Rhodes SL, Manthripragada AD, Bronstein J, Cockburn M, Farrer M, et al. Alpha-Synuclein gene may interact with environmental factors in increasing risk of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroepidemiology. 2010;35:191–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Manthripragada AD, Costello S, Cockburn MG, Bronstein JM, Ritz B. Paraoxonase 1, agricultural organophosphate exposure, and Parkinson disease. Epidemiology. 2010;21:87–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Dick FD, De PG, Ahmadi A, Osborne A, Scott NW, Prescott GJ, et al. Gene-environment interactions in Parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease: the Geoparkinson study. Occup Environ Med. 2007;64:673–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Dutheil F, Beaune P, Tzourio C, Loriot M-A, Elbaz A. Interaction between ABCB1 and professional exposure to organochlorine insecticides in Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:739–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kiyohara C, Miyake Y, Koyanagi M, Fujimoto T, Shirasawa S, Tanaka K, et al. GST polymorphisms, interaction with smoking and pesticide use, and risk for Parkinson’s disease in a Japanese population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010;16:447–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Elbaz A, Ross OA, Ioannidis JP, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Moisan F, Aasly J et al. Independent and joint effects of the MAPT and SNCA genes in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2011;69:778–92.

    Google Scholar 

  34. International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium. Imputation of sequence variants for identification of genetic risks for Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Lancet. 2011;377:641–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Tanner CM, Kamel F, Ross GW, Hoppin JA, Goldman SM, Korell M et al. Rotenone, Paraquat and Parkinson’s disease. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; doi:10.1289/ehp.1002839.

Download references

Acknowledgments

I thank Hilary Boys, Frédéric Moisan, Marie Vidailhet, and Elisabeth Vincentelli for helpful comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM, U708, Neuroepidemiology, 75005, Paris, France

    Alexis Elbaz

  2. UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S708, Neuroepidemiology, 75005, Paris, France

    Alexis Elbaz

Authors
  1. Alexis Elbaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexis Elbaz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Elbaz, A. In search of the causes of Parkinson’s disease, seasons 1 to 4. Eur J Epidemiol 26, 505–509 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-011-9587-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-011-9587-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation