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Synthesis of bis(2-aminoethyl)amine functionalized mesoporous silica (SBA-15) adsorbent for selective adsorption of Pb2+ ions from wastewater

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Abstract

Rapid growth in the industry has released large quantities of contaminants, particularly metal discharges into the environment. Heavy metal poisoning in water bodies has become a major problem due to its toxicity to living organisms. In this study, we developed a 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane incorporated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (SBA-15) based adsorbent utilizing the sol–gel process and Pluronic 123 (P123) as a structure-directing surfactant. Furthermore, the produced SBA-15 NPs were functionalized with bis(2-aminoethyl)amine (BDA) using the surface grafting approach. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared SBA-15@BDA NPs were determined using a variety of instruments, including small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption, thermogravimetric, particle size distribution, and zeta potential analysis. The MSN has a large surface area of up to 574 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.57 cm3/g, and a well-ordered mesoporous nanostructure with an average pore size of 3.6 nm. The produced SBA-15@BDA NPs were used to adsorb selectively to lead (Pd2+) ions from an aqueous solution. The adsorption study was performed under various conditions, including the influence of solution pH, adsorbent dose, adsorption kinetics, adsorption selectivity in the presence of competing metal ions, and reusability. The results of the kinetic study demonstrated that SBA-15@BDA NPs absorb selectively Pb2+ ions via chemisorption. The SBA-15@BDA NPs show Pb2+ ions with a maximum adsorption capacity of ~ 88% and an adsorbed quantity of approximately ~ 112 mg/g from the studied aqueous solution. The adsorption mechanism relies on coordination bonding between Pb2+ ions and surface-functionalized amine groups on SBA-15@BDA NPs. Furthermore, the proposed SBA-15@BDA NPs adsorbent demonstrated excellent reusability over five cycles without significantly reducing adsorption performance. As a consequence, SBA-15@BDA NPs might serve as an effective adsorbent for the selective removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous effluent.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1I1A3052258). The authors express their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2024R466) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Author notes

  1. Kokila Thirupathi, Madhappan Santhamoorthy, Ranganathan Suresh have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Government Arts and Science College for Women, Karimangalam, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, 635111, India

    Kokila Thirupathi

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

    Madhappan Santhamoorthy

  3. Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India

    Madhappan Santhamoorthy & Seong-Cheol Kim

  4. Department of Chemistry, Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India

    Ranganathan Suresh

  5. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan

  6. Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 413310, Taiwan, R.O.C.

    Mei-Ching Lin & Keerthika Kumarasamy

  7. Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Hai Chau, Danang, 550000, Vietnam

    Thi Tuong Vy Phan

  8. Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Hai Chau, Danang, 550000, Vietnam

    Thi Tuong Vy Phan

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  1. Kokila Thirupathi
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  2. Madhappan Santhamoorthy
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Contributions

K.T., M.S., R.S.: Conceptualization, methodology; M.A.W., M.C.L.: validation; K.T., S.C.M., M.S.: formal analysis; K.K., T.T.V.P.: resources, data curation; K.T., M.S.: writing—original draft preparation; R.S., M.A.W., M.C.L., S.C.K.: writing—review and editing, T.T.V.P., K.K.; visualization and supervision, All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Keerthika Kumarasamy or Thi Tuong Vy Phan.

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Thirupathi, K., Santhamoorthy, M., Suresh, R. et al. Synthesis of bis(2-aminoethyl)amine functionalized mesoporous silica (SBA-15) adsorbent for selective adsorption of Pb2+ ions from wastewater. Environ Geochem Health 46, 357 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02137-6

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