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Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter constituents in relation to chronic kidney disease: evidence from a large population-based study in China

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Abstract

The effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents on chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not fully known. This study sought to examine the association between long-term exposure to major PM2.5 constituents and CKD and look for potential constituents contributing substantially to CKD. This study included 81,137 adults from the 2018 to 2019 baseline survey of China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. CKD was defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Exposure concentration data of 7 major PM2.5 constituents were assessed by satellite remote sensing. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of each PM2.5 constituent exposure on CKD. The weighted quantile sum regression was used to estimate the effect of mixed exposure to all constituents. PM2.5 constituents had positive correlations with CKD (per standard deviation increase), with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.20 (1.02–1.41) for black carbon, 1.27 (1.07–1.51) for ammonium, 1.29 (1.08–1.55) for nitrate, 1.20 (1.01–1.43) for organic matter, 1.25 (1.06–1.46) for sulfate, 1.30 (1.11–1.54) for soil particles, and 1.63 (1.39–1.91) for sea salt. Mixed exposure to all constituents was positively associated with CKD (1.68, 1.32–2.11). Sea salt was the constituent with the largest weight (0.36), which suggested its importance in the PM2.5-CKD association, followed by nitrate (0.32), organic matter (0.18), soil particles (0.10), ammonium (0.03), BC (0.01). Sulfate had the least weight (< 0.01). Long-term exposure to PM2.5 sea salt and nitrate may contribute more than other constituents in increasing CKD risk, providing new evidence and insights for PM2.5-CKD mechanism research and air pollution control strategy.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge and thank all our CMEC colleagues and participants for making this work possible. In particular, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks and great respect to Prof. Xiaosong Li from Sichuan University for his fundamental contribution to the establishment of the CMEC. We also thank Dr. Jing Wei for providing the “China High Air Pollutants Dataset”.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82103943), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81973151), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82073667), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0907305), the Health Information Center of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2021ZXKY06004).

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Author notes

  1. Yucen Dai and Jianzhong Yin: Co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China

    Yucen Dai, Sicheng Li, Jiawei Li, Xinyu Han, Linshen Xie, Bing Guo & Xing Zhao

  2. School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China

    Jianzhong Yin

  3. Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, China

    Jianzhong Yin

  4. Tibet University, Lhasa, China

    Quzong Deji

  5. Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention CN, Lhasa, China

    Ciren Pengcuo

  6. School of Public Health the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China

    Leilei Liu

  7. Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China

    Zhimiao Yu

  8. Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China

    Liling Chen

Authors
  1. Yucen Dai
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  12. Bing Guo
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Contributions

Study design: Yucen Dai, Jianzhong Yin, Linshen Xie, and Bing Guo; acquisition of data: Jianzhong Yin, Quzong Deji, Ciren Pengcuo, Leilei Liu, Zhimiao Yu, Liling Chen, and Xing Zhao; data analysis: Yucen Dai, Sicheng Li, and Jiawei Li; drafting of the manuscript: Yucen Dai; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Sicheng Li, Xinyu Han, Linshen Xie, Bing Guo, and Xing Zhao; administrative, technical or material support: Jianzhong Yin, Sicheng Li, Linshen Xie, and Bing Guo; study supervision: Linshen Xie, Bing Guo, and Xing Zhao.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Linshen Xie or Bing Guo.

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Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of Sichuan University (approval numbers: K2016038, K2020022).

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Dai, Y., Yin, J., Li, S. et al. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter constituents in relation to chronic kidney disease: evidence from a large population-based study in China. Environ Geochem Health 46, 174 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-01949-w

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