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Combining hydrochemistry and 13C analysis to reveal the sources and contributions of dissolved inorganic carbon in the groundwater of coal mining areas, in East China

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Abstract

East China is a highly aggregated coal–grain composite area where coal mining and agricultural production activities are both flourishing. At present, the geochemical characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater in coal mining areas are still unclear. This study combined hydrochemical and carbon isotope methods to explore the sources and factors influencing DIC in the groundwater of different active areas in coal mining areas. Moreover, the 13C isotope method was used to calculate the contribution rates of various sources to DIC in groundwater. The results showed that the hydrochemical types of groundwater were HCO3-Ca·Na and HCO3-Na. The main water‒rock interactions were silicate and carbonate rock weathering. Agricultural areas were mainly affected by the participation of HNO3 produced by chemical fertilizer in the weathering of carbonate rocks. Soil CO2 and carbonate rock weathering were the major sources of DIC in the groundwater. Groundwater in residential areas was primarily affected by CO2 from the degradation of organic matter from anthropogenic inputs. Sulfate produced by gypsum dissolution, coal gangue accumulation leaching and mine drainage participated in carbonate weathering under acidic conditions, which was an important factor controlling the DIC and isotopic composition of groundwater in coal production areas. The contribution rates of groundwater carbonate weathering to groundwater DIC in agricultural areas and coal production areas ranged from 57.46 to 66.18% and from 54.29 to 62.16%, respectively. In residential areas, the contribution rates of soil CO2 to groundwater DIC ranged from 51.48 to 61.84%. The results will help clarify the sources and circulation of DIC in groundwater under the influence of anthropogenic activities and provide a theoretical reference for water resource management.

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Data availability

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are deeply grateful to the editors and anonymous reviewers for their careful work and thoughtful suggestions that helped improve this paper substantially. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of the Department of Education of Anhui Province (KJ2021A0085).

Funding

This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Department of Education of Anhui Province (KJ2021A0085).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Geoscience, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China

    Chunlu Jiang

  2. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China

    Chunlu Jiang, Ming Li, Chang Li, Wendi Huang & Liugen Zheng

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  1. Chunlu Jiang
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  2. Ming Li
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  3. Chang Li
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  4. Wendi Huang
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Contributions

CJ: data curation, validation, writing—review & editing, resources, funding acquisition, supervision. ML: methodology, formal analysis, software, formal analysis, writing—original draft, visualization. CL: writing—review & editing. LZ: conceptualization, resources, project administration, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Chunlu Jiang.

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Jiang, C., Li, M., Li, C. et al. Combining hydrochemistry and 13C analysis to reveal the sources and contributions of dissolved inorganic carbon in the groundwater of coal mining areas, in East China. Environ Geochem Health 45, 7065–7080 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01726-1

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