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Time regularities of strontium concentration in drinking groundwater distant from the sea coast

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Abstract

This paper confirms the regularities of the formation of increased concentrations of strontium (Sr) in fresh groundwater used for drinking water supply, depending on the time they are residen in the carbonate deposits of the aquifer. On average, every thousand years, the Sr concentration increases by 2.1–3.5 mg L−1. In addition, high strontium content is positively correlated with altitude and well depth and negatively correlated with redox conditions in the aquifer. Large relief elevations are associated with the development of marginal moraine deposits from the Last Glacial Period composed predominantly of clay, which contributes to a decrease in water exchange. The high Sr content is associated with the dissolution of significant formations of celestite and strontianite, up to their ore occurrences. For this reason, the saturation indices (SIs) for celestite and strontianite correlate with TDS and rise to − 1.42 and 2.05, respectively. Low Sr values do not correlate with the residence time of groundwater in the aquifer or the depth of wells and tend to depressions in the relief, with a virtual absence of overlying sediments and positive Eh values, which indicates an active water exchange. The low level of Sr is associated with the dissolution of gypsum, calcite, and dolomite containing strontium as an impurity. This causes the SIs for gypsum, calcite, and dolomite to correlate with TDS, while for celestite and strontianite, the SI drops to − 5.02 and − 0.92, respectively. The established patterns make it possible to more reasonably choose places for the construction of water wells to obtain drinking water of standard quality.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation and the Government of the Arkhangelsk region (projects no. № 23-27-10004), https://rscf.ru/project/23-27-10004/

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  1. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 20 Nikolsky Ave., Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163020

    Alexander I. Malov, Daria D. Ershova & Sergey V. Druzhinin

  2. Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 bld. 1. Pyzhevsky lane, Moscow, Russia, 119017

    Evgenia S. Sidkina

  3. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin st, Moscow, Russia, 119991

    Elena V. Cherkasova

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AM wrote the manuscript; DE determined the concentration of strontium, AM and SD collected samples, ES and E.Ch..determined saturation indices

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Correspondence to Alexander I. Malov.

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Malov, A.I., Sidkina, E.S., Ershova, D.D. et al. Time regularities of strontium concentration in drinking groundwater distant from the sea coast. Environ Geochem Health 45, 8097–8118 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01710-9

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