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Pollution characteristics, associated risks, and possible sources of heavy metals in road dust collected from different areas of a metropolis in Vietnam

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Abstract

Road dust samples were collected from different areas in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)—the largest city in Vietnam to explore pollution characteristics, ecological and human health risks, and sources of heavy metals (HMs). Results revealed the level of HMs found in the samples from residential and industrial zones of HCMC in the order of Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Co > As > Cd, Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Co > As > Cd. Due to the high enrichment of Cu, Zn in residential areas and Cu, Pb, Zn in industrial areas, the HM contamination in these areas remained moderate to severe. The findings also revealed a rising trend in the level of HMs in road dust from the east to the west of HCMC, and a heavy metal contamination hotspot in the west. In addition, industrial areas were more contaminated with HMs, posing greater associated risks than residential areas. Children living in urban areas of HCMC were found to be exposed to unacceptable health risks. Meanwhile, adults living in industrial areas face intolerable cancer risk. Among the nine HMs, Cd, Pb, and Cu posed the greatest ecological risk, while Cr and As were the main culprits behind health risks. HMs in road dust might derive from non-exhaust vehicular emissions, crustal materials, and industrial activities. The results suggested that industrial areas to the west of HCMC should focus more on reducing and controlling severe pollution of HMs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Vietnam, under the Grant Number T2022-116. The authors sincerely thank Mr. Nguyen Minh Duc, Mr. Pham Nhu Thuan, Mr. Nguyen Gia Phu, and Mr. Phan Hoang Long for their assistance with sample collection and pretreatment. Dr. Ly Sy Phu Nguyen gratefully thanks VNUHCM-University of Science for the support of research facilities in this study. As the corresponding author of this study, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to MSc. Nguyen Thi Bich Phuong (VNU University of Languages and International Studies) for her meticulous proofreading and insightful suggestions to enhance the quality of this work. Also, I am truly fortunate to have her by my side, constantly inspiring and motivating me to strive for excellence.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Viet Nam

    Nguyen Duy Dat, Anh Thi Kim Tran & Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang

  2. Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam

    Ly Sy Phu Nguyen

  3. Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam

    Ly Sy Phu Nguyen

  4. Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam

    Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo

  5. Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam

    Truc Van Nguyen

  6. Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam

    Thi Thuy Linh Do

  7. Department of Science and Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam

    Thi Thuy Linh Do

Authors
  1. Nguyen Duy Dat
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  2. Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
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  3. Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
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  4. Truc Van Nguyen
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  5. Thi Thuy Linh Do
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  6. Anh Thi Kim Tran
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  7. Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang
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Contributions

Conceptualization: NDD, TVN; Methodology: NDD, LSPN, T-D-HV; Formal analysis and investigation: NDD; LSPN; TTLD, ATKT; NT-TH; Writing—original draft preparation: NDD; Writing—review and editing: NDD, TTLD, ATKT, NT-TH; Funding acquisition: NDD; Supervision: NDD; TVN.

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Correspondence to Nguyen Duy Dat.

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This is an observational study. Therefore, no ethical approval is required.

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Dat, N.D., Nguyen, L.S.P., Vo, TDH. et al. Pollution characteristics, associated risks, and possible sources of heavy metals in road dust collected from different areas of a metropolis in Vietnam. Environ Geochem Health 45, 7889–7907 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01696-4

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