Abstract
Spatial distribution linked to geostatistical techniques contributes to sum up information into an easier-to-comprehend knowledge. This study compares copper spatial distribution in surface sediments and subsequent categorization according to its toxicological potential in two reservoirs, Rio Grande (RG) and Itupararanga (ITU) (São Paulo—Brazil), where copper sulfate is applied and not applied, respectively. Sediments from 47 sites in RG and 52 sites in ITU were collected, and then, copper concentrations were interpolated using geostatistical techniques (kriging). The resulting sediment distributions were classified in categories based on sediment quality guides: threshold effect level and probable effect level; regional reference values (RRVs) and enrichment factor (EF). Copper presented a heterogenic distribution and higher concentrations in RG (2283.00 ± 1308.75 mg/kg) especially on the upstream downstream, associated with algicide application as well as the sediment grain size, contrary to ITU (21.81 ± 8.28 mg/kg) where a no-clear pattern of distribution was observed. Sediments in RG are predominantly categorized as “Very Bad”, whereas sediments in ITU are mainly categorized as “Good”, showing values higher than RRV. The classification is supported by the EF categorization, which in RG is primarily categorized as “Very High” contrasting to ITU classified as “Absent/Very Low”. Copper total stock in superficial sediment estimated for RG is 4515.35 Ton of Cu and for ITU is 27.45 Ton of Cu.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable.
References
Ab’Saber, A. N. (2007). Geomorfologia do sítio urbano de São Paulo. Cotia, Sp: Ateliê Editorial.
Alberta Agriculture. (1980). Dugout maintenance.
Alexander, C. R., Smith, R. G., Calder, F. D., Schropp, S. J., & Windom, H. L. (1993). The historical record of metal enrichment in two Florida estuaries. Estuaries, 16(3), 627–637. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352800
ANA. (2022). Sistema Hidro-Telemetria. http://www.snirh.gov.br/hidrotelemetria/Mapa.aspx. Accessed 28 July 2019.
Anderson, W. T., Yerby, J. N., Carlee, J., Bishop, W. M., Willis, B. E., & Horton, C. T. (2019). Controlling Lyngbya wollei in three Alabama, USA reservoirs: Summary of a long-term management program. Applied Water Science, 9(8), 178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1068-8
ANEEL. (2004). Resolução Homologatória N° 45. Brasilia, DF, Brasil.
Barbieri, S. M., & Godinho Orlandi, M. J. L. (1989). Ecological studies on the planktonic protozo of a eutrophic reservoir (Rio Grande reservoir-Brazil). Hydrobiologia, 183(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005966
Baux, N., Murat, A., Poizot, E., Méar, Y., Gregoire, G., Lesourd, S., & Dauvin, J.-C. (2022). An innovative geostatistical sediment trend analysis using geochemical data to highlight sediment sources and transport. Computational Geosciences, 26(2), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-021-10123-5
Beghelli, F. G. S., Pompêo, M. L. M., Rosa, A. H., & Moschini-Carlos, V. (2016). Effects of copper in sediments on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in tropical reservoirs. Limnetica, 35(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.23818/limn.35.09
Belkhiri, L., Mouni, L., Narany, T. S., & Tiri, A. (2017). Evaluation of potential health risk of heavy metals in groundwater using the integration of indicator kriging and multivariate statistical methods. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 4, 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2016.10.003
Bern, C. R., Walton-Day, K., & Naftz, D. L. (2019). Improved enrichment factor calculations through principal component analysis: Examples from soils near breccia pipe uranium mines, Arizona, USA. Environmental Pollution, 248, 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.122
Beu, S. E., Misato, M. T., & Hahn, S. M. (2011). APA de Itupararanga. In S. E. Beu, A. C. A. Dos Santos, & S. Casalis (Eds.), Biodiversidade na APA de Itupararanga (1st ed., pp. 33–56). São Paulo: SMA/FF/UFSCar/CCR-Via Oeste.
Beyruth, Z., & Pereira, H. A. dos S. L. (2018). The isolation of Rio Grande from billings reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil: Effects on the phytoplankton. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca; 28(2), 111–123 (2002) https://www.pesca.sp.gov.br/boletim/index.php/bip/article/view/28_2_111-123
Bilhalva, W. D. B. (2013). Batimetria de pequenos reservatórios através de metodologia convencional e alternativa. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.
Bonzi, R. S., de Luccia, O., & Almodova, M. M. (2017). Infraestrutura verde em área de manancial: Um estudo para a represa billings. Revista Labverde, 8(1), 37–63. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-2275.v8i1p37-63
Broce, K., Ruiz-Fernández, A. C., Batista, A., Franco-Ábrego, A. K., Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A., Pérez-Bernal, L. H., & Guerra-Chanis, G. E. (2022). Background concentrations and accumulation rates in sediments of pristine tropical environments. CATENA, 214, 106252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106252
Cardoso-Silva, S., Da Silva, D. C. V. R., Lage, F., de Paiva, T. C. B., Moschini-Carlos, V., Rosa, A. H., & Pompêo, M. (2016a). Metals in sediments: Bioavailability and toxicity in a tropical reservoir used for public water supply. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(5), 310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5276-5
Cardoso-Silva, S., de Lima Ferreira, P. A., Moschini-Carlos, V., Figueira, R. C. L., & Pompêo, M. (2016b). Temporal and spatial accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments at Paiva Castro reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil). Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4828-2
Cardoso-Silva, S., Mizael, J. O. S. S., Frascareli, D., de LimaFerreira, P. A., Henrique, R. A., Vicente, E., Lopes, F. R. C., & Moschini-Carlos, V. (2021). Paleolimnological evidence of environmental changes in seven subtropical reservoirs based on metals, nutrients, and sedimentation rates. CATENA, 206, 105432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105432
CBH-AT. (2022). Relatório de situação dos recursos hídricos 2021 bacia hidrográfica do Alto Tietê UGRHI-06. São Paulo, SP. https://comiteat.sp.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Deliberação-CBH-AT-no-136-de-15.12.2021-Anexo-I-Relatório-de-Situação-2021-ano-base-2020.pdf
CBH-MT. (2022). Relatório de situação dos recursos hídricos 2021 bacia hidrográfica do Sorocaba Médio Tietê. Srorcaba, SP. https://sigrh.sp.gov.br/public/uploads/documents//CBH-SMT/21403/relato-rio-de-situac-a-o-2021-2020-v-final.pdf
CCME. (1999). Protocol for the derivation of Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life-CCME EPC-98E. Winnipeg, Canada.
Cervi, E. C., Clark, S., Boye, K. E., Gustafsson, J. P., Baken, S., & Burton, G. A. (2021). Copper transformation, speciation, and detoxification in anoxic and suboxic freshwater sediments. Chemosphere, 282, 131063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131063
CETESB. (2018). Relatório de qualidade das águas interiores do Estado de São Paulo. São Paulo.
Chang, C.-H., Cai, L.-Y., Lin, T.-F., Chung, C.-L., Van der Linden, L., & Burch, M. (2015). Assessment of the impacts of climate change on the water quality of a small deep reservoir in a humid-subtropical climatic region. Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7041687
Chen, W., Nover, D., He, B., Yuan, H., Ding, K., Yang, J., & Chen, S. (2018). Analyzing inundation extent in small reservoirs: A combined use of topography, bathymetry and a 3D dam model. Measurement, 118, 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.01.042
Closson, K. R., & Paul, E. A. (2014). Comparison of the toxicity of two chelated copper algaecides and copper sulfate to non-target fish. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 93(6), 660–665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1394-3
Copobianco, J. P. R., & Whately, M. (2002). Billings 2000: ameaças e perspectivas para o maior reservatório de água da região metropolitana de São Paulo: relatório do diagnóstico socioambiental participativo da bacia hidrográfica da Billings no período 1989–99. São Paulo, SP: Instituto Socioambiental.
da Silva, A. F., da Cruz, C., de Rezende, F. R. L., Yamauchi, A. K. F., & Pitelli, R. A. (2014). Copper sulfate acute ecotoxicity and environmental risk for tropical fish. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v36i4.18373
Daufresne, M., Lengfellner, K., & Sommer, U. (2009). Global warming benefits the small in aquatic ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(31), 12788–12793. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0902080106
de Andrade, L. C., Coelho, F. F., Hassan, S. M., Morris, L. A., & de Oliveira Camargo, F. A. (2018). Sediment pollution in an urban water supply lake in southern Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7132-2
de Oliveira Soares Silva Mizael, J., Cardoso-Silva, S., Frascareli, D., Pompêo, M. L. M., & Moschini-Carlos, V. (2020). Ecosystem history of a tropical reservoir revealed by metals, nutrients and photosynthetic pigments preserved in sediments. CATENA, 184, 104242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104242
Devesa-Rey, R., Díaz-Fierros, F., & Barral, M. T. (2011). Assessment of enrichment factors and grain size influence on the metal distribution in riverbed sediments (Anllóns river, NW Spain). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 179(1), 371–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1742-7
dos Santos Machado, L., Dörr, F., Dörr, F. A., Frascareli, D., Melo, D. S., Gontijo, E. S. J., et al. (2022). Permanent occurrence of Raphidiopsis raciborskii and cyanotoxins in a subtropical reservoir polluted by domestic effluents (Itupararanga reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(13), 18653–18664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16994-6
Feng-Lan, H., Guang-Hui, L., & De-Xiong, T. (2019). Spatial variability characteristics and environmental effects of heavy metals in surface riparian soils and surface sediments of Qinggeda lake. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2019.1641790
Ferreira, Í. O., Santos, G. R., & Rodrigues, D. D. (2013). Estudo sobre utilização adequada da krigagem na representação computacional de superfícies batimétricas. Revista Brasileira De Cartografía, 65(5), 831–842.
FF. (2009). Plano de manejo da área de proteção ambiental (APA) Itupararanga. https://www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br/fundacaoflorestal/planos-de-manejo/planos-de-manejo-planos-concluidos/plano-de-manejo-apa-itupararanga
Förstner, U., & Wittmann, G. T. W. (1981). Heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Springer-Verlag.
Franklin, R. L., Fávaro, D. I. T., & Damatto, S. R. (2016). Trace metal and rare earth elements in a sediment profile from the Rio Grande reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil: Determination of anthropogenic contamination, dating, and sedimentation rates. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 307(1), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4107-4
Frascareli, D., Cardoso-Silva, S., Rosa, A. H., Pompêo, M. L. M., López-Doval, J. C., & Moschini-Carlos, V. (2018). Spatial distribution, bioavailability, and toxicity of metals in surface sediments of tropical reservoirs. Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(4), 199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6515-8
Garcı́a-Villada, L., Rico, M., Altamirano, M., Sánchez-Martı́n, L., López-Rodas, V., & Costas, E. (2004). Occurrence of copper resistant mutants in the toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa: Characterisation and future implications in the use of copper sulphate as algaecide. Water Research, 38(8), 2207–2213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.01.036
Golia, E. E., Papadimou, S. G., Cavalaris, C., & Tsiropoulos, N. G. (2021). Level of contamination assessment of potentially toxic elements in the urban soils of Volos city (Central Greece). Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042029
Guo, Z., Hu, X., Liu, J., Liu, C., & Xiao, J. (2018). Geophysical field data interpolation using stochastic partial differential equations for gold exploration in Dayaoshan, Guangxi, China. Minerals. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9010014
Hadjoudja, S., Vignoles, C., Deluchat, V., Lenain, J.-F., Le Jeune, A.-H., & Baudu, M. (2009). Short term copper toxicity on Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella vulgaris using flow cytometry. Aquatic Toxicology, 94(4), 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.07.007
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T., & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Paleontologia Electronica, 4(1), 9.
Hanson, M. J., & Stefan, H. G. (1984). Side effects of 58 years of copper sulfate treatment of the Fairmont lakes, Minnesota. Water Resources Bulletin, 20(6), 889–900. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04797.x
Hao, R., Yin, W., Jia, H. Y., Xu, J. F., Li, N. X., Chen, Q. Z., et al. (2021). Dynamics of dissolved heavy metals in reservoir bays under different hydrological regulation. Journal of Hydrology, 595, 126042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126042
Horn, B. K. P. (1981). Hill shading and the reflectance map. Proceedings of the IEEE, 69(1), 14–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1981.11918
Hou, X., Feng, L., Dai, Y., Hu, C., Gibson, L., Tang, J., et al. (2022). Global mapping reveals increase in lacustrine algal blooms over the past decade. Nature Geoscience, 15(2), 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00887-x
Hullebusch, E. V., Auvray, F., Bordas, F., Deluchat, V., Chazal, P. M., & Baudu, M. (2003). Role of organic matter in copper mobility in a polymictic lake following copper sulfate treatment (Courtille lake, France). Environmental Technology, 24(6), 787–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330309385615
IPCC. (2021). Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. In Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.002
IPT. (2005). Estudo da disposição de metais pesados nos sedimentos de fundo da represa Billings, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). IPT. São Paulo.
Jacinthe, P.-A., Filippelli, G. M., Tedesco, L. P., & Licht, K. J. (2010). Distribution of copper in sediments from fluvial reservoirs treated with copper triethanolamine complex algicide. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 211(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0278-3
Jančula, D., & Maršálek, B. (2011). Critical review of actually available chemical compounds for prevention and management of cyanobacterial blooms. Chemosphere, 85(9), 1415–1422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.036
Jia, Z., Zhou, S., Su, Q., Yi, H., & Wang, J. (2018). Comparison study on the estimation of the spatial distribution of regional soil metal(loid)s pollution based on kriging interpolation and BP neural network. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010034
Kansole, M. M. R., & Lin, T.-F. (2017). Impacts of hydrogen peroxide and copper sulfate on the control of Microcystis aeruginosa and MC-LR and the inhibition of MC-LR degrading bacterium Bacillus sp. Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040255
Kimmel, B. L., Lind, O. T., & Paulson, L. J. (1990). Reservoir primary production. In K. W. Thorton, B. L. Kimmel, & F. E. Payne (Eds.), Reservoir limnology: Ecological perspectives (pp. 133–193). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Ko, S. H., & Sakai, H. (2021). Perceptions of water quality, and current and future water consumption of residents in the central business district of Yangon city Myanmar. Water Supply, 22(1), 1094–1106. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.212
Kostka, A., & Leśniak, A. (2020). Spatial and geochemical aspects of heavy metal distribution in lacustrine sediments, using the example of lake Wigry (Poland). Chemosphere, 240, 124879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124879
Leal, P. R., Moschini-Carlos, V., López-Doval, J. C., Cintra, J. P., Yamamoto, J. K., Bitencourt, M. D., et al. (2018). Impact of copper sulfate application at an urban Brazilian reservoir: A geostatistical and ecotoxicological approach. Science of the Total Environment, 618, 621–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.095
Lee, D. S., Garland, J. A., & Fox, A. A. (1994). Atmospheric concentrations of trace elements in urban areas of the United Kingdom. Atmospheric Environment, 28(16), 2691–2713. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90442-1
Lee, P.-K., Touray, J.-C., Baillif, P., & Ildefonse, J.-P. (1997). Heavy metal contamination of settling particles in a retention pond along the A-71 motorway in Sologne France. Science of the Total Environment, 201(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)84048-X
Li, Y., Gao, B., Xu, D., Peng, W., Liu, X., Qu, X., & Zhang, M. (2020). Hydrodynamic impact on trace metals in sediments in the cascade reservoirs, North China. Science of the Total Environment, 716, 136914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136914
Luoma, S. N., & Rainbow, P. S. (2008). Metal contamination in aquatic environments: Science and lateral management. Cambridge University Press.
Maier, M. H., Meyer, M., & Takino, M. (1985). Caracterização física e química da água da represa do Rio Grande (Riacho Grande), SP, Brasil. Boletim Do Instituto De Pesca, 13(3), 47–61.
Mancuso, P. C. S. (1987). Controle do desenvolvimento de algas em águas de abastecimento público. Revista DAE, 47, 151–156.
Manoj, M. C., Thakur, B., Uddandam, P. R., & Prasad, V. (2018). Assessment of metal contamination in the sediments of Vembanad wetland system, from the urban city of southwest India. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 10, 238–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2018.07.004
Mariani, C. F., & Pompêo, M. L. M. (2008). Potentially bioavailable metals in sediment from a tropical polymictic environment–-Rio Grande Reservoir. Brazil. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 8(5), 284–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-008-0018-0
Martins, T., Ferreira, K., Rani-Borges, B., Biamont-Rojas, I., Cardoso-Silva, S., Moschini-Carlos, V., & Pompêo, M. (2021). Land use, spatial heterogeneity of organic matter, granulometric fractions and metal complexation in reservoir sediments. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X3521
McFeeters, S. K. (1996). The use of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) in the delineation of open water features. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17(7), 1425–1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608948714
McKnight, D. M., Chisholm, S. W., & Harleman, D. R. F. (1983). CuSO4 treatment of nuisance algal blooms in drinking water reservoirs. Environmental Management, 7(4), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01866913
Melo, D. S., Gontijo, E. S. J., Frascareli, D., Simonetti, V. C., Machado, L. S., Barth, J. A. C., et al. (2019). Self-organizing maps for evaluation of biogeochemical processes and temporal variations in water quality of subtropical reservoirs. Water Resources Research, 55(12), 10268–10281. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025991
Milošković, A., Branković, S., Simić, V., Kovačević, S., Ćirković, M., & Manojlović, D. (2013). The accumulation and distribution of metals in water, sediment, aquatic macrophytes and fishes of the Gruža reservoir, Serbia. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 90(5), 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-0969-8
Mohan, U., & Krishnakumar, A. (2022). Geochemistry pollution status and contamination assessment of potentially toxic metals from the sediments of a tropical river of Kerala, India. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 18, 100692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2022.100692
Mozeto, A. A., Yamada, T. M., de Morais, C. R., do Nascimento, M. R. L., Fadini, P. S., Torres, R. J., Sueitt, A. P. E., & de Faria, B. M. (2014). Assessment of organic and inorganic contaminants in sediments of an urban tropical eutrophic reservoir. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(2), 815–834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3419-5
Nascimento, M. R. L. (2003). Proposição de valores de referência para concentração de metais e metaloides em sedimentos limnicos e fluviais da bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Tietê. Universidade Federal de São Carlos.
Oladosu, S. O., Ojigi, L. M., Aturuocha, V. E., Anekwe, C. O., & Tanko, R. (2019). An investigative study on the volume of sediment accumulation in Tagwai dam reservoir using bathymetric and geostatistical analysis techniques. SN Applied Sciences, 1(5), 492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0393-8
Paerl, H., & Huisman, J. (2008). Blooms like it hot. Science, 320(5872), 57–58. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155398
Pan, Y., Fu, Y., Liu, S., Ma, T., Tao, X., Ma, Y., et al. (2022). Spatial and temporal variations of metal fractions in paddy soil flooding with acid mine drainage. Environmental Research, 212, 113241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113241
Passos, T., Penny, D., Barcellos, R., Nandan, S. B., Babu, D. S. S., Santos, I. R., & Sanders, C. J. (2022). Increasing carbon, nutrient and trace metal accumulation driven by development in a mangrove estuary in south Asia. Science of the Total Environment, 832, 154900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154900
Pedrazzi, F., Conceição, F., Sardinha, D., Moschini-Carlos, V., & Pompêo, M. (2013). Spatial and temporal quality of water in the Itupararanga reservoir, Alto Sorocaba basin (SP), Brazil. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 5(1), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.51008
Pompêo, M. (2020). Considerações finais: sugestões e perspectivas. In M. Pompêo & V. Moschini-Carlos (Eds.) Reservatórios que abastecem São Paulo: Problemas e perspectivas. (pp. 129–136). São Paulo: Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. https://doi.org/10.11606/85658823
Pompêo, M. (2017). O controle da flora e fauna aquáticas pela resolução CONAMA 467: Considerações sobre a normativa Brasileira. Revista Do Departamento De Geografia, 33, 24–35. https://doi.org/10.11606/rdg.v33i0.121065
Pompêo, M., Padial, P. R., Mariani, C. F., Cardoso-silva, S., Moschini-Carlos, V., Da Silva, D. C., et al. (2013). Biodisponibilidade de metais no sedimento de um reservatório tropical urbano (reservatório Guarapiranga-São Paulo (SP), Brasil): Há toxicidade potencial e heterogeneidade espacial ? Geochimica Brasiliensis, 27(2), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.5327/Z0102-9800201300020003
Prepas, E. E., & Murphy, T. P. (1988). Sediment-water interactions in farm dugouts previously treated with copper sulfate. Lake and Reservoir Management, 4(1), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148809354391
Rakhmatullaev, S., Marache, A., Huneau, F., Le Coustumer, P., Bakiev, M., & Motelica-Heino, M. (2011). Geostatistical approach for the assessment of the water reservoir capacity in arid regions: A case study of the Akdarya reservoir, Uzbekistan. Environmental Earth Sciences, 63(3), 447–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0711-3
Reis, K. C., & Capelo, J. (2022). Uso do peróxido de hidrogênio no controle de cianobactérias–uma perspectiva bioquímica. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 27, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-415220200223
Roland, F., Huszar, V. L. M., Farjalla, V. F., Enrich-Prast, A., Amado, A. M., & Ometto, J. P. H. B. (2012). Climate change in Brazil: Perspective on the biogeochemistry of inland waters/mudancas climaticas no Brasil: Perspectiva sobre a biogeoquimica de aguas interiores. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 72, S709. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A333842592/IFME?u=unesp_br&sid=googleScholar&xid=7da140af
Ross, J. L. S., & Moroz, I. C. (2011). Mapa geomorfológico do estado de São Paulo. Revista Do Departamento De Geografia, 10, 41–58. https://doi.org/10.7154/RDG.1996.0010.0004
Sá, N. (2018). Narcélio de Sá - Geotecnologías. Calculando a declividade QGIS.
SABESP. (2022). Situação dos mananciais. http://mananciais.sabesp.com.br/
Saito, Y. K., Viana, L. J. F., Ferreira, Í. O., & Marques, E. A. G. (2021). Sedimentation in reservoirs. Case study: The reservoir of the São Bartolomeu stream, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 25(2), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n2.79584
Secchin, L. F. (2012). Caracterização ambiental e estimativa da produção de cargas difusas da área de drenagem da represa de Itupararanga. Universidade de São Paulo.
Shelke, S., Balan, S., & Kumar, C. (2016). Analysis of bathymetry data for calculating volume of water in a reservoir. In 2016 conference on advances in signal processing (CASP) (pp. 83–87). https://doi.org/10.1109/CASP.2016.7746142
Sklenar, K. S., & Horne, A. J. (1999). Horizontal distribution of geosmin in a reservoir before and after copper treatment. Water Science and Technology, 40(6), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00562-4
Smith, W. S., & Petrere, M. (2008). Spatial and temporal patterns and their influence on fish community at Itupararanga reservoir Brazil. Revista De Biología Tropical, 56(4), 2005–2020.
Souza, M. C., Crossetti, L. O., & Becker, V. (2018). Effects of temperature increase and nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton functional groups in a Brazilian semi-arid reservoir. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 30. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2179-975X2018000100900&nrm=iso
Souza, V. A., & Wasserman, J. C. (2015). Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of a tropical reservoir in Brazil: Sources and fate. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 63, 208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2015.07.014
Sperling, E. von. (1999). Morfologia de lagos e represas. Belo Horizonte: DESA/UFMG.
Sutherland, R. A. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Geology, 39(6), 611–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050473
Szatmári, G., Kocsis, M., Makó, A., Pásztor, L., & Bakacsi, Z. (2022). Joint spatial modeling of nutrients and their ratio in the sediments of lake Balaton (Hungary): A multivariate geostatistical approach. Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030361
Taniwaki, H. R., Rosa, A. H., de Lima, R., Rodrigues Maruyama, C., Ferrari Secchin, L., Calijuri, M. do C., & Moschini-Carlos, V. (2013). A influência do uso e ocupação do solo na qualidade e genotoxicidade da água no reservatório de Itupararanga, São Paulo, Brasil. Interciencia, 38(3), 164–170. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33926977002
U.S.EPA. (1996). Method 3050B: Acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils, Revision 2. Washington, DC.
Vogel, A. I. (2000). Química analítica qualitativa. São Paulo, SP: Mestre Jou.
Wang, D., Gong, M., Li, Y., Xu, L., Wang, Y., Jing, R., et al. (2016). In situ, high-resolution profiles of labile metals in sediments of lake Taihu. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(9), 884.
Wengrat, S., Bennion, H., Ferreira, P. A. de L., Figueira, R. C. L., & Bicudo, D. C. (2019). Assessing the degree of ecological change and baselines for reservoirs: Challenges and implications for management. Journal of Paleolimnology, 62(4), 337–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-019-00090-4
Wengrat, S., Padial, A. A., Jeppesen, E., Davidson, T. A., Fontana, L., Costa-Böddeker, S., & Bicudo, D. C. (2018). Paleolimnological records reveal biotic homogenization driven by eutrophication in tropical reservoirs. Journal of Paleolimnology, 60(2), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-017-9997-4
Wu, H., Wang, J., Guo, J., Hu, X., Bao, H., & Chen, J. (2022). Record of heavy metals in Huguangyan Maar lake sediments: Response to anthropogenic atmospheric pollution in Southern China. Science of the Total Environment, 831, 154829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154829
Wu, H., Wei, G., Tan, X., Li, L., & Li, M. (2017). Species-dependent variation in sensitivity of Microcystis species to copper sulfate: Implication in algal toxicity of copper and controls of blooms. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 40393. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40393
Yang, W., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Wu, H., Lin, A., & He, L. (2020). Using principal components analysis and IDW interpolation to determine spatial and temporal changes of surface water quality of Xin’anjiang river in Huangshan, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082942
Yüksel, B., Ustaoğlu, F., Tokatli, C., & Islam, M. S. (2022). Ecotoxicological risk assessment for sediments of Çavuşlu stream in Giresun, Turkey: Association between garbage disposal facility and metallic accumulation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(12), 17223–17240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17023-2
Zhang, H., Zong, R., He, H., & Huang, T. (2022). Effects of hydrogen peroxide on Scenedesmus obliquus: Cell growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and intracellular protein fingerprinting. Chemosphere, 287, 132185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132185
Funding
The authors would like to thank Programa de Estudantes-Convênio de Pós-Graduação (PEC-PG), CAPES/CNPq—Brasil (process 190216/2017-4); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (process 2016/24528-2 and 2019/10845-4); and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (process 303660/2016-3 and 400305/2016-0).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the design of this study: IB-R performed conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, software, data curation, writing—original draft; SC-S performed data curation, investigation, validation, writing—review and editing; MB did software; AS, VM-C and AR did data curation MP was involved in formal analysis, investigation, writing—review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publish
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Biamont-Rojas, I.E., Cardoso-Silva, S., Bitencourt, M.D. et al. Ecotoxicology and geostatistical techniques employed in subtropical reservoirs sediments after decades of copper sulfate application. Environ Geochem Health 45, 2415–2434 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01362-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01362-1