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A comprehensive review on pollution status and associated health risk assessment of human exposure to selected heavy metals in road dust across different cities of the world

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Abstract

In order to expound on the present situation and potential risk of road dust heavy metals in major cities, a total of 114 literatures mainly over the past two decades, involving more than 5000 sampling sites in 61 cities of 21 countries, were screened through the collection and analysis of research papers. The concentration, sources, distribution, health risk, sample collection, and analytical methods of heavy metal research on road dust in cities around the world are summarized. The results show that Cd, Zn, and Cu in many urban road dusts in the world are higher than the grade II of the Chinese maximum allowable concentration of potentially toxic elements in the soil. Geo-accumulation index values show that Pb > Cd > Zn > Cu had the highest contamination levels. Hazard index assessment indicates Pb and Cr had the highest potential health risk, especially for children in which ingestion was found as the main exposure pathway. Moreover, through comparative analysis, it is found that some pollutants are higher in developed and industrialized cities and transport (53%) followed by industrial emissions (35%) provide the major contributions to the sources of heavy metals.

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Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52150410408), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M693187), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant No. 2020GXNSFBA159040), and Guangxi Young and Middle-aged Teachers Basic Ability Improvement Project (Grant No. 2020KY06036).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Asfandyar Shahab, Zhang Hui, Saeed Rad, He Xiao & Liang Liang Huang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    He Xiao

  3. Department of the Earth Sciences Quaid I, Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Jamil Siddique

  4. Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Liang Liang Huang

  5. Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China

    Habib Ullah

  6. Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Audil Rashid

  7. Department of Civil Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Raihan Taha

  8. Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College Timergara, 18300, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan

    Noor Zada

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  1. Asfandyar Shahab
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  2. Zhang Hui
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  3. Saeed Rad
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  4. He Xiao
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  5. Jamil Siddique
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  7. Habib Ullah
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  8. Audil Rashid
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  9. Mohd Raihan Taha
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  10. Noor Zada
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Contributions

AS and SR involved in conceptualization; AS and SR involved in data curation; SR involved in formal analysis; SR and HX involved in funding acquisition; JS and ZH involved in investigation; HU contributed to methodology; NZ involved in project administration, ; HX contributed to resources; AS contributed to software; MRT involved in supervision; LH involved in validation; AR involved in visualization; AS involved in roles/writing—original draft; SR and HX involved in writing—review and editing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Saeed Rad or He Xiao.

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Shahab, A., Hui, Z., Rad, S. et al. A comprehensive review on pollution status and associated health risk assessment of human exposure to selected heavy metals in road dust across different cities of the world. Environ Geochem Health 45, 585–606 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01255-3

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