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Stabilization of metals in sludge-amended soil using red mud and its effects on yield and oil quality of Brassica juncea cultivar Kranti

Environmental Geochemistry and Health volume 44, pages 1431–1450 (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

Prolonged application of sewage-sludge may cause excessive accumulation of metal(oid)s in soil, leading to phytotoxic effects. Spread of contaminants in soil can probably be hindered by using an effective metal(oid) stabilizer. Pot experiment in open field conditions was conducted for five months to evaluate the metal(oid) (Al, Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr) stabilization potential of red mud (RM) in sludge-amended soil and its effects on growth, yield, oil quality parameters and metal(oid) accumulations in Brassica juncea cultivar Kranti. The test plant was grown at different RM concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15% w/w) in sludge-amended soil (soil/sludge: 2:1 w/w). As the total and phytoavailable metal(oid) concentrations in sludge were high, its application increased their concentrations in soil compared to the control (no RM and sludge). Increasing RM concentrations in sludge-amended soil effectively stabilized Cd followed by Cr, Cu, Zn and Al, leading to their reduced contents in plants coupled with enhanced growth performance and yield. Maximum plant (root and shoot) biomass (14.9%) and seed yield (40.4%) were found in 10% RM treatment, whereas oil content showed substantial increase with increasing RM treatments in sludge-amended soil. Mustard oil showed low rancidification, high long-chain fatty acids, saturated and polyunsaturated (ω-3 and ω-6) fatty acids within FAO ranges for edible oils under varying RM treatments compared to sludge-amended soil. Furthermore, high oleic and low erucic acid contents in mustard oil indicated a better oil quality under different RM treatments. Metal(oid) contents in seeds under different red mud treatments were within FAO/WHO limits for consumption. Thus, RM applications preferably 5 and 10% (w/w) in sludge-amended soil might be effective in stabilization of metal(oid)s using B. juncea cultivar Kranti coupled with better yield, improved oil quality and metal(oid)s within limits for human consumption.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Head, Department of Botany, Coordinators, CAS, DST-FIST, ISLS, Institute of Eminence, Banaras Hindu University and HINDALCO Industries Ltd., Renukoot, U.P. for providing all the necessary facilities during the research work. Meenu Gautam is thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (File No. 09/013(0857)/2018-EMR-I), New Delhi, for Research Associateship, for financial assistance. We are also grateful to the editor and anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and helpful suggestions which helped us in improving the manuscript.

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The research was supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (File No. 09/013(0857)/2018-EMR-I), New Delhi.

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  1. Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Meenu Gautam, S. B. Agrawal & Madhoolika Agrawal

  2. Natural Resources and Environmental Management, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barware Road, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

    Bhanu Pandey

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Data curation and the original draft preparation were done by MG. Statistical analysis was performed by BP. Visualization and investigation of the draft were performed by SBA. Conceptualization, methodology, visualization, investigation, editing and supervision before the submission of the final draft were done by MA.

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Gautam, M., Pandey, B., Agrawal, S.B. et al. Stabilization of metals in sludge-amended soil using red mud and its effects on yield and oil quality of Brassica juncea cultivar Kranti. Environ Geochem Health 44, 1431–1450 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01150-3

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Keywords

  • Brassica juncea
  • Metal(oid)s
  • Oil quality
  • Red mud
  • Sewage-sludge
  • Yield