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Global footprints of organochlorine pesticides: a pan-global survey

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Abstract

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants widely used all over the world. These chlorinated hydrocarbons are toxic and often cause detrimental health effects because of their long shelf life and bioaccumulation in the adipose tissues of primates. OCP exposure to humans occurs through skin, inhalation and contaminated foods including milk and dairy products, whereas developing fetus and neonates are exposed through placental transfer and lactation, respectively. In 1960s, OCPs were banned in most developed countries, but because they are cheap and easily available, they are still widely used in most third world countries. The overuse or misuse of OCPs has been rising continuously which pose threats to environmental and human health. This review reports the comparative occurrence of OCPs in human and bovine milk samples around the globe and portrays the negative impacts encountered through the long history of OCP use.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Agricultural Science Fund (NASF), New Delhi, India (vide. F.No. NASF/ABA-7006/2018–19/199), to SPS, PR, RKT, DS, and CK. Prof. Minkina, and Dr. Rajput are grateful to Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 19–29-05265_mk).

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  1. Chetan Keswani, Hagera Dilnashin and Hareram Birla have contributed equally to this work and may be considered as first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Chetan Keswani, Hagera Dilnashin, Hareram Birla & Surya P. Singh

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

    Partha Roy

  3. Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Rakesh K. Tyagi

  4. Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India

    Dheer Singh

  5. Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia

    Vishnu D. Rajput & Tatiana Minkina

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SPS, CK, PR, RKT, DS and TMM were involved in idea generation. HD, HB, CK and VDR were involved in manuscript preparation. All the authors reviewed and edited the content.

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Keswani, C., Dilnashin, H., Birla, H. et al. Global footprints of organochlorine pesticides: a pan-global survey. Environ Geochem Health 44, 149–177 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00946-7

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