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Influence of carbon-containing and mineral sorbents on the toxicity of soil contaminated with benzo[a]pyrene during phytotesting

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Abstract

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a member of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons known for high persistency and toxicity. Technologies of BaP sorption through solid matrixes have received relatively more attention. The present study was devoted to the phytotesting investigations of two different groups of sorbents, such as carbonaceous, including biochar and granulated activated carbon (GAC), and mineral, including tripoli and diatomite. Evaluation of the BaP removing efficiency was carried out using the phytotesting method with spring barley in Haplic Chernozem contaminated with different levels of contamination (200 and 400 μg kg−1 BaP). The sorbents’ efficiency for BaP remediation was estimated in the sorbents doses from 0.5 to 2.5% per kg of soil. It was shown that biochar and GAC decreased the soil toxicity class to a greater extent than mineral sorbents ones. The effect intensified with an increase in applying sorbents doses. The optimal dose of carbonaceous sorbents into the soil contaminated with 200 µg kg−1 was 1%, decreasing the BaP content up 57–59% in the soil. Simultaneously, the optimal dose of the mineral sorbents was found to be 1.5%, which decreased the BaP content in the soil up 41–48%. Increasing the BaP contamination level up to 400 µg kg−1 showed the necessity of a sorbent dose increasing. In these conditions, among all applied sorbents, only 2% GAC could reduce the soil toxicity class to the normal level up to 0.91–1.10. It was shown that BaP tended to migrate from the soil to the roots and further into the vegetative part of barley.

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Acknowledgements

The research was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no.19-74-10046.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090

    Svetlana Sushkova, Tatiana Minkina, Tamara Dudnikova, Andrey Barbashev, Mahmoud Mazarji, Natalia Chernikova, Iliya Lobzenko & Irina Deryabkina

  2. Ondokuz Mayis University, 5200, Samsun, Turkey

    Ridvan Kizilkaya

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  1. Svetlana Sushkova
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  2. Tatiana Minkina
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  3. Tamara Dudnikova
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Contributions

SS was responsible for conceptualization and formulation of a research problem. TM was responsible for data curation and writing—reviewing. TD and SS were responsible for writing. EA performed analytical work, HPLC and data performing. VR and RK performed data processing. AB and IL were responsible for conducting experiments. MM was responsible for visualization, statistical processing and writing–review and editing. NC and RK performed methodology. IL was responsible for creating data. ID performed experiments design. RK involved in discussion.

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Correspondence to Svetlana Sushkova.

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The original online version of this article was revised: In the published article, the funding information “The research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project no. 0852-2020-0029) and Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-29-05265.” was mistakenly included. Hence, it is removed from the article.

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Sushkova, S., Minkina, T., Dudnikova, T. et al. Influence of carbon-containing and mineral sorbents on the toxicity of soil contaminated with benzo[a]pyrene during phytotesting. Environ Geochem Health 44, 179–193 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00899-x

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