Skip to main content

Assessment of quality and health risk of peri-urban groundwater supply from selected areas of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria

Environmental Geochemistry and Health volume 43, pages 2743–2755 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water. However, pollution of groundwater resource could initiate serious health damage to the consumers. The present study aimed at assessing the quality and health risk of groundwater samples collected from the peri-urban areas of Abeokuta. Twelve (12) fresh ditch cuttings from wells sites and forty (40) well water samples were collected between August and September, 2018. Samples were analysed for important physical and chemical parameters using the standard procedure. Groundwater data were subjected to statistical manipulation of descriptive and inferential statistics. The health risk assessment was conducted for non-carcinogenic effect {hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI)} and cancer risk (CR). Results showed the pH of groundwater ranged from 7.65 to 8.48. The electrical conductivity varied from 266.5 to 461.5 µS/cm, while the total dissolved solids ranged from 90.0 to 348.2 mg/L. The concentrations of Pb (1.58–14.5 µg/L), Mn (11.10–836 µg/L), Al (64–2000 µg/L) and Fe (30–5070 µg/L) in groundwater were higher than the permissible limits of the World Health Organization in drinking water. The levels of metals/metalloids in the well cuttings were: Pb (8.9–27.6 µg/kg), As (0.8–8.6 µg/kg), Cr (14.0–98.0 µg/kg) and Mn (138.0–1080 µg/kg). The HQs of Cr (infants and children) and Ba (infants, children and adults) were greater than 1.0 indicating adverse health effects. The CRs of Cr, Co and Ni in water consumed by infants, children and adults were greater than the acceptable limit of 1.0 × 10–4 suggesting possible development of cancer. The health risk data of metals in groundwater indicated deleterious health effects on consumers.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1

References

  • Agagu, O. K. (1980). Geological guide to Bituminous Sediments in Nigeria. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 5, 91–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asiwaju-Bello, Y. A., Olabode, F. O., Duvbiama, O. A., Iyamu, J. O., Adeyemo, A. A., & Onigbinde, M. T. (2013). Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater in Akure Area, southwestern Nigeria, for irrigation purpose. European International Journal of Science and Technology, 2(8), 235–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) (2015). Public Health Statement for Manganese. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=100&tid=23 (Accessed:12/07/2020).

  • Awomeso, J. A., Ahmad, S. M., & Taiwo, A. M. (2020). Multivariate assessment of groundwater quality in the basement rocks of Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria. Environmental Earth Sciences, 79(5), 1–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ayantobo, O. O., Awomeso, J. A., Oluwasanya, G. O., Bada, B. S., & Taiwo, A. M. (2014). Non-cancer human health risk assessment from exposure to heavy metals in surface and groundwater in Igun Ijesha, Southwest Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 10(3), 301–310.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayedun, H., Gbadebo, A. M., Idowu, O. A., & Arowolo, T. A. (2015). Toxic elements in groundwater of Lagos and Ogun States, Southwest, Nigeria and their human health risk assessment. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 187(6), 1–17.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batayneh, A. T. (2010). Heavy Metals in Water Springs of the Yarmouk Basin, North Jordan and their Potentiality in Health Risk Assessment. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(7), 997–1003.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binning, K., & Braid, D. (2001). Survey of heavy metals in the sediments of the Swatkops river estuary, Port Elizerbeth South Africa. Water SA, 24, 461–466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chukwujindu, M. A., Godwin, E. N., & Francis, O. A. (2007). Assessment of contamination by heavy metals in sediments of Ase-River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Research Journal of environmental Science, 1, 220–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coker, S.J.L,. & Ejedawe, J.E. (1985). Onshore-offshore Stratigraphy of the Benin Basin. Its interpretation with respect to petroleum prospects. In Abstract volume 21st annual conference of NMGS, Jos (p 56).

  • Eja, C. E., Ogri, O. R., & Arikpo, G. E. (2003). Bioconcentration of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Great Kwa river estuary, Calabar, Southeast Nigeria. Journal of Nigerian Environmental Society, 1, 247–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fatoki, O. S., Okoro, H. K., Adekola, F. A., Ximba, B. J., & Synman, R. G. (2012). Bioaccumulation of metals in black mussels (Mytillus galloprovincialis) in Cape Town Harbour, South Africa. The Environmentalist, 32, 48–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gbadebo, A. M., Oyedepo, J. A., & Taiwo, A. M. (2010). Variability of nitrate in groundwater in some parts of Southwestern Nigeria. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 11(2), 572–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabher, B. J. (2018). Effects of Alzheimer disease on patients and their family. Journal of Nuclear and Medical Technology, 46, 335–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, C. K., & Krishnamurthy, N. (1992). Extractive metallurgy of rare earths. International Materials Reviews, 37(1), 197–248.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). (2012). IARC Monographs (Volume 100C-9): a review of human carcinogens: Arsenic, metals, fibres, and dusts: Chromium (VI) compounds. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Monographs/vol100C/mono100C-9.pdf. Accessed 25 November 2019.

  • Ige, O. O., Bale, R. B., & Olasehinde, P. I. (2008). Physio-Chemical characteristics of water sources in Imeko, Southwestern, Nigeria. Water Resources, 18, 32–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikudayisi, A., Adeyemo, F., & Adeyemo, J. (2015). Chemical and hydro-geologic of ikogosi warm spring water in Nigeria. International Journal of Geological and Environmental Engineering, 9, 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 167–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, H. A., & Hockey, R. D. (1964). The Geology of part of South-western Nigeria. GSN Bulletin, 101, 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenntech. (2018). Heavy metals. https://www.lenntech.com/processes/heavy/heavy-metals/heavy-metals.htm . Accessed: 06/03/2020

  • Marcovecchio, J. E., Botte, S. E., & Freije, R. H. (2007). Heavy metals, major metals, trace elements. In L. M. Nollet (Ed.), Handbook of Water Analysis (2nd ed., pp. 275–311). London: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCready, S., Birch, G. F., & Long, E. R. (2006). Metallic and organic contaminants in sediments of Sydney Harbour, Australia and vinicity—A chemical dataset for evaluating sediment quality guidelines. Environment International, 32(4), 455–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendie, U. (2005). The theory and practice of clean water production for domestic and industrial use: Purified and package water. Lagos: Lacto-Medals Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, K. E., Thomas, S. M., & Bodour, A. A. (2010). Prioritizing research for trace pollutants and emerging contaminants in the fresh water environment. Environmental Pollution, 158, 3462–3471.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nickson, R. T., McArthur, J. M., Shrestha, B., Kyaw-Myint, T. O., & Lowry, D. (2005). Arsenic and other drinking water quality issues, Muzaffargarh District Pakistan. Applied Geochemistry, 20(1), 55–68.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nouri, J., Mahvi, A. H., Babaei, A. A., Jahed, G. R., & Ahmadpour, E. (2006). Investigation of heavy metals in groundwater. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(3), 377–384.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nordstrom, D. K., Ball, J. W., Donahoe, R. J., & Whittemore, D. (1989). Groundwater chemistry and water-rock interactions at Stripa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53(8), 1727–1740.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogbe, F. G. A. (1972). Stratigraphy of strata exposed in the Ewekoro quarry, Western Nigeria. In T. F. J. Dessauvgie & A. J. Whiteman (Eds.), African Geology (pp. 305–322). Ibadan: University of Ibadan press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojekunle, Z. O., Adeyemi, A. A., Taiwo, A. M., Ganiyu, S. A., & Balogun, M. A. (2020). Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of groundwater within selected industrial areas in Ogun State, Nigeria. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability, 32, 100–113.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omatsola, M. E., & Adegoke, O. S. (1981). Tectonic evolution and Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Dahomey Basin. Journal of Mining and Geology, 18(1), 130–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orebiyi, E. O., Awomeso, A. J., Martins, O., Idowu, A. O., Oguntoke, O., & Taiwo, A. M. (2010). Assessment of pollution hazards of shallow well water in Abeokuta and Environs. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(1), 50–56.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos, S. J., Dinali, G. S., Oliveira, C., Martins, G. C., Moreira, C. G., Siqueira, J. O., & Guilherme, L. R. (2016). Rare earth elements in the soil environment. Current Pollution Reports, 2(1), 28–50.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rapant, S., & Krcmova, K. (2007). Health risk assessment maps for arsenic groundwater content, application of national geochemical databases. Environmental Geochemical Health, 29, 131–141.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sang, Y., Fasheng, L., Qingbao, G., Cunzhen, L., & Jiaqing, C. (2008). Heavy metal-Contaminated groundwater treatment by a novel nanofiber membrane. Desalination, 223, 390–360.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. V., Renwick, W. H., Bartley, J. D., & Buddemeier, R. W. (2002). Distribution and significance of small, artificial water bodies across the United States landscape. Science of the Total Environment, 299(1–3), 21–36.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soares, H. M. V. M., Boaventura, R. A. R., Machado, A. A. S. C., & Esteves da Silva, J. C. G. (1999). Sediments as monitors of heavy metal contamination in Ave river basin (Portugal): Multivariate analysis of data. Environmental Pollution, 105, 311–323.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taiwo, A. M. (2012). Source identification and apportionment of sources to groundwater quality in major cities in Southwest Nigeria. Geofizika, 29, 157–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taiwo, A. M., Arowolo, T. A., Adekunle, I. M., & Adetunji, M. T. (2013). Evaluating the environmental impacts of poultry farming on stream water quality: A study from Abeokuta Nigeria. Environmental Quality Management, 22(4), 79–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taiwo, A. M., Harrison, R. M., & Shi, Z. (2014). A review of receptor modelling of industrially emitted particulate matter. Atmospheric Environment, 97, 109–120.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taiwo, A. M., & Awomeso, J. A. (2017). Assessment of trace metal concentration and health risk of artisanal gold mining activities in Ijeshaland, Osun State Nigeria—part 1. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 177, 1–10.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taiwo, A. M., Oyebode, A. O., Salami, F. O., Okewole, I., Gbogboade, A. S., Agim, C., et al. (2018). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic evaluations of heavy metals in protein foods from southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 73, 60–66.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taiwo, A. M., Aigbodion, C. O., Ojekunle, O. Z., & Akinhanmi, T. F. (2020a). Health risk assessment of metals in selected drinks from Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria. Biological Trace Element Research, 196, 694–707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taiwo, A. M., Talabi, O. P., Akintola, A. A., Babatunde, E. T., Olanrewaju, M. O., Adegbaju, B. H., et al. (2020b). Evaluating the potential health risk of organochlorine pesticides in selected protein foods from Abeokuta southwestern Nigeria. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability, 32, 131–145.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • USEPA. (2007). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Framework for metal risk assessment, EPA 120-R-07-001, Washington DC, 2007.

  • Vanloon, G. W. & Duffy, S. J. (2005). Environmental chemistry a global perspective. (2nd ed. p.515). Oxford University Press, United States of America.

  • Wedepohl, K. H. (1995). The composition of the continental crust. Geochimica et cosmochimica Acta, 59(7), 1217–1232.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2017). Guidelines for drinking water quality: Fourth edition incorporating the first addendum. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-154995-0

  • Yusuf, K. A. (2007). Evaluation of groundwater quality characteristics in Lagos-City. Journal of Applied Science, 7, 1780–1784.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The author acknowledged the organizing committee of SEGH 2019 conference for the award of travel grant, which facilitated the presentation of this paper at the 35th International Conference on Geochemistry and Health, which took place in Manchester, UK.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Adewole Michael Gbadebo

Authors
  1. Adewole Michael Gbadebo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adewole Michael Gbadebo.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 14 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gbadebo, A.M. Assessment of quality and health risk of peri-urban groundwater supply from selected areas of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Environ Geochem Health 43, 2743–2755 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00746-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00746-5

Keywords

  • Groundwater
  • Health risk
  • Water quality
  • Metals
  • Ditch cuttings