Assessment of trace inorganic contaminates in water and sediment to address its impact on common fish varieties along Kuwait Bay

Ali, Ameena; Chidambaram, Sabarathinam

doi:10.1007/s10653-020-00559-6

Original Paper
Published: 25 April 2020

Assessment of trace inorganic contaminates in water and sediment to address its impact on common fish varieties along Kuwait Bay

Ameena Ali¹ &
Sabarathinam Chidambaram¹

Environmental Geochemistry and Health volume 43, pages 855–883 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

The impact of the trace elements on selected marine fishes/crustacean in Kuwait (Sheam, Lobster, Speatty, and Nagroor) were investigated (As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and V) using the element concentrations in marine water and sediments. The toxic elements concentrations were measured in water samples (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) for estimation of toxic levels, heavy metal evaluation index (84–360), and the degree of contamination (77–353). Similarly, sediment samples were analyzed for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and estimated for contamination factor, I_geo index, and ecological risk factor with respect to each element analyzed in the sample. The modified degree of contamination (0.25–3.67), risk index (6.5–282.27), metal pollution index (5.95–18.21), and pollution load index (0.27–1.2) were calculated for the samples. This study demonstrated that the water was medium to high contaminated with Cd, Hg, Pb, and V. The sediment analyses showed that most of the metals were within the toxic limits except for Cd, Cu, and Pb in few samples. Most samples were in between the effect range low–effect range medium and threshold effect level–probable effect level range of most metals, except for Cr, Cu, and Ni. Average trace elements concentration in fishes varieties investigated in this study indicated high As in all varieties irrespective of the season and high Ni in all fish during summer. The bioaccumulation factor showed that the trace elements in sediments contributed more to the fish than water. Concentrations of trace elements were greater in fish sampled in winter than that sampled in summer due to variations in the planktonic population in the sea. The estimated daily intake and the chronic daily intake for the Kuwaiti male and female were calculated. The hazards studied revealed that the consumption of Lobster and Speatty may lead to cancer and non-cancer hazards, in both male and female, Speatty having higher probability. The major sources of toxic elements contamination of Kuwait Bay water and sediment appear to be oil-based contamination, urban sewage, brine from desalination, and the trace elements released due to the natural oxidation–reduction processes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KEPA) for their financial support and Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research for the support provided for the Project FB051C. The authors also acknowledge Dr. M. U. Beg and Dr. S. Al-Zenki for their help in sharing their expertise with the data interpretation.

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Ameena Ali & Sabarathinam Chidambaram

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Ali, A., Chidambaram, S. Assessment of trace inorganic contaminates in water and sediment to address its impact on common fish varieties along Kuwait Bay. Environ Geochem Health 43, 855–883 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00559-6

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Received: 29 August 2019
Accepted: 02 April 2020
Published: 25 April 2020
Issue Date: February 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00559-6

Keywords

Water
Sediment quality
Fish
Contamination
Trace element sources
Health
Trace elements seasonality