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Sorption of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) by clays and organoclays

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Abstract

This study focused on the sorption isotherms of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p′-DDT) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p′-DDE) on different original clays (i.e., zeolite, montmorillonite and attapulgite) and organoclay complexes. Sorption of organic pollutants was determined using gas chromatographic (GC) techniques to investigate the sorption behavior, and characterize the effect of, different organic cations. The original clays only sorbed low amounts of p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE, and the sorptive curves can be classified as L-shaped. Organoclays exhibited higher amounts of p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE sorption. The p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE sorption increased with increasing total organic carbon (OC) content of the organoclays. For hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)-modified organoclays, the dominant adsorptive medium showed the partitioning sorption of hydrophobic–hydrophobic interaction, indicating no competitive sorption. The sorptive curves can be classified as C-shaped of constant partition (CP). However, benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA)-modified organoclays exhibited competitive sorption. The sorption isotherm curves can be classified as S-shaped. The sorptive capacity of the HDTMA-modified organoclays for p,p′-DDT were higher than those for p,p′-DDE, but the BTMA-modified organoclays showed a reverse trend. This can be attributed to the different structures and shapes of organic cations, giving different sorptive mechanisms. The p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE sorption onto HDTMA-modified organoclays were caused by chemical interaction, with the BTMA modified organoclays occuring due to physical sorption.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation (NKBRSF) of China (2002CB4108010) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Project No. KSCX2-YW-N-038) grants supported for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Rong-Ling Dai & Gang-Ya Zhang

  2. College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Rong-Ling Dai

  3. College of Forest Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

    Xiao-Zhi Gu

  4. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan

    Ming Kuang Wang

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  1. Rong-Ling Dai
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Correspondence to Gang-Ya Zhang.

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Dai, RL., Zhang, GY., Gu, XZ. et al. Sorption of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) by clays and organoclays. Environ Geochem Health 30, 479–488 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-007-9130-0

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