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A comparison of near-surface potential temperature variance budgets for unstable atmospheric flows with contrasting vegetation cover flat surfaces and a gentle slope

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Abstract

Over the past decades, researchers have made significant progress toward a fundamental understanding of the budgets of turbulence variables over flat and homogeneous terrain, and only more recently over complex terrain. However, temperature variance budgets, which are parameterized in most meteorological models, are still poorly understood even under relatively idealized conditions. The objective of this study is to analyze the near-surface potential temperature variance budget over contrasting surfaces. To do this, we rely on profiles of near-surface turbulence variables collected as part of the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations program. Daytime observations collected in May 2013 in western Utah at three field sites subjected to similar large-scale forcing are analyzed: a desert playa (i.e., dry lakebed), characterized by a flat surface devoid of vegetation; a vegetated site, characterized by a flat valley floor covered with greasewood vegetation, and a slope site with a local slope angle of 2°–4° and covered by 1-m tall sparse desert steppe vegetation. The observations indicate a persistent 5-m surface layer across all three sites, where the flow is equilibrium due to the balance between dominant production and dissipation terms in the potential temperature variance equation. The temperature variances in this layer are well predicted by Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. During convective periods at the Playa and Slope sites, \(\approx 60\%\) of the data show a ratio of turbulent transport to production greater than 0.1. Within the surface layer, turbulent transport of potential temperature variance acts as a sink term at all three sites. Neither the ratio of turbulent transport to production nor the ratio of production to dissipation show a dependence on atmospheric stability during the unstable periods studied. A short-period comparison of dissipation rates calculated using dissipation-scale resolving cold-wire anemometry and several common indirect methods using sonic anemometry is presented for data acquired at Playa site. The results indicate that the dissipation rates from all methods follow similar trends, however the values can differ by a factor of 2–3.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Award \(\#\)N00014-11-1-0709, Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) Program. The authors would like to thank Vigneshwaran Kulandaivelu for operating the hot-wire and cold-wire experiment and collecting the data during the field campaign. The authors are also grateful to Sebastian Hoch for providing the radiative fluxes data and the other members of the MATERHORN team that made it possible to collect these data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Chaoxun Hang & Marc B. Parlange

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Chaoxun Hang & Eric R. Pardyjak

  3. Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada

    Daniel F. Nadeau

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  1. Chaoxun Hang
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Correspondence to Chaoxun Hang.

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Hang, C., Nadeau, D.F., Pardyjak, E.R. et al. A comparison of near-surface potential temperature variance budgets for unstable atmospheric flows with contrasting vegetation cover flat surfaces and a gentle slope. Environ Fluid Mech 20, 1251–1279 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-018-9647-z

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