Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterising strongly advected discharges in the initial dilution zone

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Fluid Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mean concentration fields of strongly advected non-buoyant discharges are characterised with a double-Gaussian assumption. Comparisons with experimental data show that the approximation provides a reasonable representation of the cross-sectional profiles. The self-similarity of these profiles enables their form to be represented by two additional parameters, one describing the relative separation of the peaks and the other the ratio of the cross-sectional spreads. Values for these additional parameters are determined from experimental data. This systematic approach to characterising the strongly advected flows provides a consistent framework for determining spreading rates and concentration ratios, such as the peak to centreline maximum and the peak to top hat. The double-Gaussian framework also provides a basis for comparisons with the CorJet and VisJet numerical models. In addition the double-Gaussian assumption is employed to interpret data obtained using the Light Attenuation technique. This is a relatively simple measuring system, which provides depth integrated concentration information. The data obtained using this technique is shown to be generally consistent with that from previous studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jirka GH (2004) Integral model for turbulent buoyant jets in unbounded stratified flows part 1: single round jet. J Env Fluid Mech (4):1–56

  2. Lee JWH, Cheung V, Wang WP, and Cheung SKB (2000) Lagrangian modeling and visualization of rosette outfall plumes. Proceedings of the Hydrodynamics 2000, Iowa, 23–27 July 2000

  3. Knudsen M (1988) Buoyant horizontal jets in an ambient flow. PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

  4. Davidson MJ, Knudsen M, Wood IR (1991) Behaviour of a single, horizontally discharged, buoyant flow in a non-turbulent coflowing ambient fluid. J Hydr Res IAHR 29(4):545–566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Cheung V (1991) Mixing of a round buoyant jet in a current Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong

  6. Wong CF, Lee JHW (1991) Experiments on advected line thermals. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on environmental hydraulics, Hong Kong, 16–18 December 1991. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

  7. Gaskin S (1995) Single buoyant jet in a crossflow and the advected line thermal. PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

  8. Chu PCK (1996) Mixing of turbulent advected line puffs. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

  9. Davidson MJ (1989) The behaviour of single and multiple, horizontally discharged, buoyant flows in a non-turbulent coflowing ambient. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

  10. Wong CF (1991) Advected line thermals and puffs. M.Phil. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

  11. Kikkert GA (2006) Buoyant jets with two and three-dimensional trajectories. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

  12. Davidson MJ, Pun KL (1998) Hybrid model for prediction of initial dilutions from outfall discharges. J Hyd Eng ASCE 124(12):1188–1197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kikkert GA, Davidson MJ, Nokes RI (2004) Light attenuation data from weakly and strongly advected discharges. In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on environmental hydraulics, vol. 1, pp337–342

  14. Nokes RI (2005) ImageStream Version 4.01. Manual, Department of Civil Engineering, Christchurch, New Zealand

  15. Cenedese C, Dalziel S (1998) Concentration and depth fields determined by the light transmitted through a dyed solution. In: Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on flow visualization (ISFV’98), Sorento, Italy

  16. Wright SJ (1977) Mean behaviour of buoyant jets in a crossflow. J Hydraulic Div ASCE 103(HY5):499–513

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fan LN (1967) Turbulent buoyant jets into stratified or flowing ambient fluids. Report No. KH-R-15, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulic and Water Resources, Carlifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  18. Pratte BD, Baines WD (1967) Profiles of round turbulent jet in cross flow. J Hydraulic Div ASCE 93(HY6):53–64

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hung WK (1998) A jet at an oblique angle to a cross-flow. Project Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering Department, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong

  20. Jordinson R (1956) Flow in a jet directed normal to a wind. Technical Report R & M 3974,British ARC

  21. Keffer JF, Baines WD (1963) The round turbulent jet in a cross-wind. J Fluid Mech 15(4):481–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chu VH, Goldberg MB (1974) Buoyant forced plumes in crossflow. J Hydraulic Div ASCE (122(1)):27–34

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand

    G. A. Kikkert, M. J. Davidson & R. I. Nokes

Authors
  1. G. A. Kikkert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. J. Davidson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. I. Nokes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. J. Davidson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kikkert, G.A., Davidson, M.J. & Nokes, R.I. Characterising strongly advected discharges in the initial dilution zone. Environ Fluid Mech 7, 23–41 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-006-9011-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-006-9011-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation