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Trace metals pollution and trophic position of three sea urchin species in the Gulf of California

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Abstract

Sea urchin species are ecologically important in the Gulf of California and are becoming popular as a local fishery due to their commercial value. The most abundant species are Echinometra vanbrunti, Eucidaris thouarsii, and Tripneustes depressus. The objective of this study was to evaluate cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, and iron concentrations, as well as stable isotope values in these sea urchin species in the Santa Rosalia mining area (STR), in three sites: Punta Gorda, Punta el Aterrizaje, and Punta Salina. The highest Fe concentration (100.2 mg kg−1) was found in E. vanbrunti, while the highest concentrations of Pb (15.1 mg kg−1), Cu (14.5 mg kg−1), and Zn (347.7 mg kg−1) were recorded in E. thouarsii, and the highest Cd concentration (10.8 mg kg−1) was found in T. depressus. The main health risk of trace metal pollution in STR may be caused by Cd and Pb. δ15N and δ13C values were higher in E. thouarsii and T. depressus, respectively; E. thouarsii has the highest trophic position. Specimen size was not related to metal concentrations, but a positive relationship was observed between specimen size and isotopic values in T. depressus. The three species showed different bioaccumulation patterns for the metals analyzed. Additionally, collection sites and seasons play an important role in the variability of metal concentration.

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Acknowledgements

TAAP is a CONACYT postdoctoral fellow. We are grateful to Noemí Bocanegra Castillo, Horacio Bervera León, Jorge Angulo Calvillo, Enrique Calvillo Espinoza, Andrés González Peralta, Hugo A. Valencia Valdez (Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, CIBNOR) and Alejandra Piño Gimate for technical support. To the Instituto Tecnológico de Mulegé for the facilities granted, and especially to M.C. Pablo Zambrano. María Elena Sánchez-Salazar edited the English manuscript. Finally, we want to thank the editor and the reviewers who provided insightful comments on this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by CIBNOR and Mexico’s Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Grant #CB2012 179327].

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  1. Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (UABCS), Col. Universitario, La Paz, Mexico

    Tatiana A. Acosta-Pachón, Juan Manuel López-Vivas & Karla León-Cisneros

  2. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico

    Alejandra Mazariegos-Villarreal, Lía C. Méndez-Rodríguez, Raúl O. Martínez-Rincón & Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza

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Contributions

TAAP: Data generation, formal analysis, writing – original draft preparation. JMLV: Writing – review and editing. AMV: Methodology, data generation, writing – review and editing. LCMR: Writing – review and editing. KLC: Data generation, writing – review and editing. ROMR: Data analysis, writing – review and editing. ESZ: Conceptualization, data analysis, writing – review and editing, funding acquisition. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza.

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This work was conducted in compliance with all ethical standards. All necessary permits were obtained. Collection of wild samples of Tripneustes depressus, Echinometra vanbrunti, Eucidaris thouarsii were approved by Mexico’s Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries, and Food (Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación) and CONAPESCA-México (#PPF/DGOPA-010/14).

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Acosta-Pachón, T.A., López-Vivas, J.M., Mazariegos-Villarreal, A. et al. Trace metals pollution and trophic position of three sea urchin species in the Gulf of California. Ecotoxicology 33, 786–800 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02778-4

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