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Determination of stomatic density, index, and area as exposition biomarkers of pollution in Deschampsia antárctica Desv. (Poaceae)

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Abstract

Until not so long ago, Antarctica was considered to be a polar region practically pristine. The Antarctic Peninsula has the highest concentration of scientific stations from different countries. Anthropogenic activity has caused alterations in the Antarctic ecosystems directly affecting terrestrial vegetation. This fact requires the finding of biomarkers in native plants to estimate the effects of human impact. Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae) is the unique native grass described so far for Antarctica and was used for multiple investigations. In this study, plants were collected on Carlini scientific station, 25 de Mayo (King George) Island, Potter Peninsula, South Shetland Islands. Thus, the main objective planned consists of the evaluation of leaf stomata-related parameters as pollution biomarkers. The results of the stomatic index (SI), density (SD), and area (SA) were shown at sites with different levels of human impact (close and far away from the scientific station). It was found that the correlation between SD and SI, on the adaxial side of the leaves, resulted in a good biomarker for estimating the degree of anthropogenic impact in each studied area.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

  • Deschampsia antarctica leaves reflect anthropogenic impact.

  • No differences in the structure or size of the stomatal pores on either side of the leaves were found

  • Correlation between SD and SI on the adaxial side of the leaves could be a good biomarker.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Instituto Antártico Argentino staff that collaborated in sampling. We acknowledge Dr. Alejandro Buren who helped in revising the language of the manuscript. This work was funded by the PICTA 0091 (DNA-IAA) project.

Funding

This work was funded by the PICTA 0091 (DNA-IAA) project.

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  1. Laboratorio de Ecofisiología y Ecotoxicología, Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, (B1650HML) General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Laura Patricia Dopchiz & Martin Ansaldo

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  1. Laura Patricia Dopchiz
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  2. Martin Ansaldo
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Correspondence to Laura Patricia Dopchiz.

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All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for sampling, care and experimental use of plants for the study were followed as established by the Article III, Annex II of the Madrid Protocol, Law 24.216 (Taking, Harmful Intrusion and Introduction of Species) within the framework of the projects evaluated by the Environment Office of the IAA and Dirección Nacional del Antártico (DNA).

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Dopchiz, L.P., Ansaldo, M. Determination of stomatic density, index, and area as exposition biomarkers of pollution in Deschampsia antárctica Desv. (Poaceae). Ecotoxicology 31, 1321–1329 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02589-5

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