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Toxicity of fipronil to Folsomia candida in contrasting tropical soils and soil moisture contents: effects on the reproduction and growth

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Abstract

This study assessed the influence of three tropical soil types and soil moisture content on the toxicity and risk of the insecticide fipronil to collembolans Folsomia candida. Chronic toxicity tests were performed in a Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS), an Oxisol and an Entisol spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil to assess the effects on the reproduction and growth of the species. The soil moisture contents were kept at 60% (standard condition) and 30 or 45% (water restriction) of their water holding capacity (WHC). The toxicity of fipronil on collembolans reproduction was about three times higher in Entisol compared to TAS or Oxisol. Higher toxicities were also found in the drier TAS (EC50 30%WHC = 0.20 vs EC50 60%WHC = 0.70 mg kg−1) and Oxisol (EC50 45%WHC = 0.27 vs EC50 60%WHC = 0.54 mg kg−1), while in Entisol lower impacts were found in the drier samples (EC50 30%WHC = 0.41 vs EC50 60%WHC = 0.24 mg kg−1). For all tested soils, the size of generated collembolans was reduced by the fipronil concentrations, regardless of soil moisture. However, the drier condition increased the effect on the growth in TAS and Entisol for some concentrations. A significant risk of exposure was found in TAS and Oxisol at drier conditions and, for Entisol, regardless of the soil moisture. The toxic effects and risk of fipronil on collembolans were higher in the natural sandy soil. The soil moisture content increase or decrease the toxicity of the insecticide for collembolans, depending on soil type.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available and should be requested by e-mail.

Code availability

ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070; STATISTICA, RRID:SCR_014213; SCAPE, RRID: Not available.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the research grant (Project 407170/2016-2). DB thanks the CNPq for the Research Productivity Grant (CNPq 305939/2018-1). TT and WES thanks the CNPq for a Grant of Scientific Initiation (process numbers 160246/2019-9 and 103524/2020-7, respectively). FOB and TBH thanks the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for their master grant (process numbers 1735590 and 88882.447285/2019-01, respectively).

Author contributions

TBH: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—original draft. PRLA: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. TT: Investigation, Formal analysis. FOB: Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis. WES: Investigation. LCC: Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis. IKG: Investigation. DB: Resources, Supervision, Writing—review & editing.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the research grant (Project 407170/2016-2).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil

    Thuanne Braúlio Hennig, Felipe Ogliari Bandeira & Dilmar Baretta

  2. Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil

    Paulo Roger Lopes Alves, Tânia Toniolo & William Eduardo dos Santos

  3. Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil

    Liziara da Costa Cabrera & Ítalo Kael Gilson

  4. Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil

    Dilmar Baretta

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  1. Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
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  8. Dilmar Baretta
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Correspondence to Paulo Roger Lopes Alves.

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Hennig, T.B., Alves, P.R.L., Toniolo, T. et al. Toxicity of fipronil to Folsomia candida in contrasting tropical soils and soil moisture contents: effects on the reproduction and growth. Ecotoxicology 31, 64–74 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02490-7

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