Abstract
Pesticides may manipulate plant physiology as non-target organisms. In this study, we examined biochemical responses of pistachio plants (Pistacia vera L.) to imidacloprid and phosalone as common pesticides used to control pistachio psyllids. Enzymatic characterization in treated plants with pesticides showed greater specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase compared with untreated plants during 14 days after treatment. Further experiments displayed elevated levels of total phenols and total proteins coupled with significant increases in proline and total soluble carbohydrate contents in treated plants in comparison to untreated plants. Moreover, pesticide treatment leads to a significant decrease in polyphenol oxidase activity. Nevertheless, no significant changes in contents of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, total chlorophyll, and electrolyte leakage index were obtained in treated plants. Pesticides’ impacts on host plant physiology resulted in similar responses between two pesticides with differences in peak days. Overall, the findings of this study provide an insight into the side effects of phosalone and imidacloprid, chemicals with no specific target site in plants, on the physiology and biochemistry of pistachio plants at recommended rates.
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This work was funded by the Research and Technology Deputy of the University of Tehran.
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The work was financed by the M.Sc. scholarship program of the Research and Technology Deputy of the University of Tehran.
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KT and VH conceived of the experiments and designed the study. MH and SRH conducted the experiments. MH and UR analyzed the data and wrote the paper in consultation with RMA.
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Homayoonzadeh, M., Hosseininaveh, V., Haghighi, S.R. et al. Evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses of pistachio plants (Pistacia vera L.) exposed to pesticides. Ecotoxicology 30, 1084–1097 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02434-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02434-1