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Side effects of a mixture of essential oils on Psyttalia concolor

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Abstract

Integrated Pest Management programs do not always prioritize natural enemies when selecting control methods; too often these important pest reducing agents are negatively affected by the action of other methods in agroecosystems. The aim of this research was to evaluate side effects of a bioinsecticide, developed from the mixture of cedar (Cedrus atlantica), eucalyptus (Corymbia citriodora) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oils (EOs), in a ratio of 1:1:1, on Psyttalia concolor (Szèpligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) which is a parasitoid of some pests of the Tephritidae family, as Ceratitis capitata. The LD50 of the EOs mixture for C. capitata females was 3.09 µl/g, whereas the LD50 for P. concolor females was 20.45 µl/g which suggests the natural enemy is more tolerant to the EOs mixture. P. concolor parasitized L3 larvae of C. capitata through a voile treated with the mixture of EOs at 1.8% without causing any deleterious effects neither on the percentage of attacked hosts nor on the emergence rate, whereas at the highest concentration tested, 4.8%, decreased both parameters during the 2 first days after treatment. Semi-field assays showed that mixture of EOs was harmless to P. concolor when released 4 h after treatment whereas killed 55 ± 3.9% males and 37.5 ± 1.6% females of C. capitata. The mixture of EOs used jointly with lambda-cyhalothrin or kaolin, both compounds applied against C. capitata in conventional and organic farming, respectively, did not increase the toxicity and/or persistence against the pest.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project AGL 2013-47603-C2-1 to E. Viñuela and PM). The authors thank CAPES for PDSE scholarship (BEX 7003/15-03) awarded to the first author. They are grateful to the technician, Luis Quirós for the rearing of insects used, as well as Flor Budia, and Sergio Estébanez for their contributions and suggestions in this research.

Funding

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (projects AGL 2013-47603-C2-1 to PM) and CAPES for PDSE scholarship (BEX 7003/15-03) awarded to the first author TJSA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil

    Thiago J. S. Alves

  2. Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Av. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Ana Murcia-Meseguer, Celeste Azpiazu, Andrea Wanumen & Pilar Medina

  3. Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil

    Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira & Álvaro A. C. Teixeira

  4. Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, EPSL, Universidad de Jaén, 23700, Linares, Spain

    Antonio Ortiz

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  1. Thiago J. S. Alves
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  2. Ana Murcia-Meseguer
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Alves, T.J.S., Murcia-Meseguer, A., Azpiazu, C. et al. Side effects of a mixture of essential oils on Psyttalia concolor. Ecotoxicology 29, 1358–1367 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02258-5

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