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Toxic response of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri to sodium lauryl ether sulphate residues in excavated soils

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Abstract

Sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) is the main chemical component in several lubricant products used for soil conditioning in the mechanized excavation industry using Earth Pressure Balance-Tunnel Boring Machines. During the tunnelling process, huge amounts of excavated soil are produced and the SLES presence can affect the subsequent re-use of this material as a by-product. Currently, there is still no regulatory indication of reliable and sensitive bioassays for monitoring soil quality during the excavation process. The main objective of this work was to verify if the Vibrio fischeri screening test was suitable as a consistent and precautionary tool for this specific purpose. Firstly, the ecotoxicity (EC20 and EC50) of the SLES standard solution and three commercial products (SLES content from 10 to 50%) were evaluated to select the most environmental friendly product. Subsequently, soil samples from about 2 years of tunnelling in a real construction site, conditioned with the selected product, were evaluated for their environmental compatibility with the prescriptions of an Italian site-specific protocol. The latter established 2 mg/L as a threshold value for SLES concentration in soil water extracts and a no toxic response (≤20%) for the Vibrio fischeri test. The comparison of the bacterium bioluminescence inhibition values (%) with analytical determinations showed an ecotoxicity when SLES was >2 mg/L. The toxicity was directly related to SLES concentration, indicating that the V. fischeri test and the SLES analyses are suitable tools for assessing excavated soil as a by-product, ensuring its safe reuse in accordance with a green production process (circular economy).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI) at Polytechnic University of Turin (Daniele Peila, Carmine Todaro and Daniele Martinelli) for providing the TR values of the foaming agents. We also thank Gian Luigi Garbini, Martina Di Lenola, Laura Dejana, Francesco Di Nezio, Tommaso Mella and Tanita Pescatore (IRSA-CNR), Francesca Spataro and Nicoletta Ademollo (ISP-CNR) for assisting with the analyses.

Funding

This work was funded by the Italian Company Autostrade Spa—Project N. 100682.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy

    L. Mariani, P. Grenni, Anna Barra Caracciolo & L. Rolando

  2. Institute for Biological Systems, National Research Council (ISB-CNR), Rome, Italy

    E. Donati

  3. Institute of Polar Science, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Rome, Italy

    J. Rauseo & L. Patrolecco

  4. Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Rome, Italy

    L. Rolando

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Mariani, L., Grenni, P., Barra Caracciolo, A. et al. Toxic response of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri to sodium lauryl ether sulphate residues in excavated soils. Ecotoxicology 29, 815–824 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02202-7

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