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Genotoxic, biochemical and bioconcentration effects of manganese on Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae)

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Abstract

Manganese and iron were found at high concentrations (3.61 mg/L and 19.8 mg/L, respectively) in the water of the Rio Doce after the dams of Fundão and Santarém broke in Mariana/MG (Brazil). These same metals were found in fish and crustacean muscle (15 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg wet weight, respectively) in the specimens collected near the Rio Doce’s outfall. Due to the variation in Mn concentration found in the lower Rio Doce, this study aimed to determine the effects of Mn in Oreochromis niloticus, at the concentrations allowed by CONAMA, and in concentrations found in the Rio Doce after the dams broke. The animals were exposed to the following dissolved concentrations: control group (0.0 mg/L), 0.2; 1.5 and 2.9 mg/L manganese for 96 h. In addition, a positive control was conducted, injecting intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (at 25 mg/kg). These exposures caused significant erythrocyte micronucleus formation in the organisms exposed to the highest concentration, as well a significant increase in the DNA damage index of erythrocytes from organisms exposed to 1.5 mg/L and 2.9 mg/L treatments. The glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity also showed a significant increase in the liver of the organisms exposed to 2.9 mg/L. However, catalase activity increased significantly in the gills of the animals exposed to all concentrations of manganese that were tested. Manganese bioconcentrated in greater quantities in the liver than the gills. Thus, manganese causes significant damage to genetic material, generates nuclear abnormalities, activates the body’s detoxification system and can accumulate in animal tissue.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Espírito Santo State Scientific Research Foundation (FAPES), grants #61902861/13. The authors also would like to gratefully acknowledge the FAPES for providing a graduate stipend for the student, Larissa Souza Passos, and post-graduate stipends for the students, Taciana Onesorge Miranda Lopes, Julia Merçon, Dandara Silva Cabral and Lívia Sperandio Caetano. The authors also thank the University of Vila Velha for providing a graduate stipend for the student, Gabriel Carvalho Coppo and the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES) for providing a post-graduate stipend for the student, Tatiana Miura Pereira.

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  1. Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Universidade Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil

    Gabriel Carvalho Coppo, Larissa Souza Passos, Taciana Onesorge Miranda Lopes, Tatiana Miura Pereira, Julia Merçon, Dandara Silva Cabral, Lívia Sperandio Caetano, Edgar Hell Kampke & Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes

  2. Laboratory of Chemistry Sciences, Universidade Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil

    Bianca Vieira Barbosa

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  1. Gabriel Carvalho Coppo
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  3. Taciana Onesorge Miranda Lopes
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Correspondence to Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes.

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The use of these animals in the present experiment was approved by the Committee on Ethics, Bioethics and Animal Welfare (CEUA - UVV) according to protocol no. 371–2016.

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Coppo, G.C., Passos, L.S., Lopes, T.O.M. et al. Genotoxic, biochemical and bioconcentration effects of manganese on Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae). Ecotoxicology 27, 1150–1160 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1970-0

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