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Toxicity of two fungicides in Daphnia: is it always temperature-dependent?

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Abstract

The joint effect of increasing temperature and pollution on aquatic organisms is important to understand and predict, as a combination of stressors might be more noxious when compared to their individual effects. Our goal was to determine the sensitivity of a model organism (Daphnia spp.) to contaminants at increasing temperatures, allowing prior acclimation of the organisms to the different temperatures. Prior to exposure, two Daphnia genotypes (Daphnia longispina species complex) were acclimated to three temperatures (17, 20, and 23 °C). Afterwards, a crossed design was established using different exposure temperatures and a range of concentrations of two common fungicides (tebuconazole and copper). Daphnia life history parameters were analysed in each temperature × toxicant combination for 21 days. Temperature was the most influencing factor: Daphnia reproduced later and had lower fecundity at 17 °C than at 20 and 23 °C. Both copper and tebuconazole also significantly reduced the fecundity and survival of Daphnia at environmentally-relevant concentrations. Temperature-dependence was found for both toxicants, but the response pattern was endpoint- and genotype-specific. The combination of contaminant and high temperature often had severe effects on survival. However, unlike some literature on the subject, our results do not support the theory that increasing temperatures consistently foment increasing reproductive toxicity. The absence of a clear temperature-dependent toxicity pattern may result from the previous acclimation to the temperature regime. However, a proper framework is lacking to compare such studies and to avoid misleading conclusions for climate change scenarios.

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Acknowledgments

Authors thank Mark Phillipo for linguistic help.

Funding

This work was supported by European funds through COMPETE2020 (European Regional Development Fund) and by national funds through the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT I.P.) within the strategic programmes UID/AMB/50017/2013 (CESAM) and UID/BIA/04050/2013 (CBMA), as well as by the research project VITAQUA (PTDC/AAC-AMB/112438/2009). Ana P. Cuco and Nelson Abrantes are individual recipients of, respectively, a PhD Grant (SFRH/BD/81661/2011) and a researcher contract (IF/01198/2014) from FCT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Ana P. Cuco & Fernando Gonçalves

  2. CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Ana P. Cuco, Nelson Abrantes, Fernando Gonçalves & Bruno B. Castro

  3. Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Nelson Abrantes

  4. Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Mueggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany

    Justyna Wolinska

  5. Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königi-Luise-Str. 1-5, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Justyna Wolinska

  6. CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Bruno B. Castro

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  1. Ana P. Cuco
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Correspondence to Nelson Abrantes.

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Cuco, A.P., Abrantes, N., Gonçalves, F. et al. Toxicity of two fungicides in Daphnia: is it always temperature-dependent?. Ecotoxicology 25, 1376–1389 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1689-8

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