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Synergistic influence of Vetiveria zizanioides and selected rhizospheric microbial strains on remediation of endosulfan contaminated soil

Ecotoxicology volume 25, pages 1327–1337 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

Application of endosulfan tolerant rhizospheric bacterial strain isolated from pesticide contaminated area, Ghaziabad in combination with V. zizanioides for the remediation of endosulfan is described herein. The dissipation of endosulfan from soil was considerably enhanced in the presence of bacterial strain and Vetiveria zizanioides together when compared to the dissipation in presence of either of them alone. Four strains— EAG-EC-12 (M1), EAG-EC-13(M2), EAG-EC-14(M3) and EAG-EC-15(M4) are used for this purpose. V. zizanioides was grown in garden soil spiked with 1500 µg g–1 of endosulfan and inoculated with 100 ml of microbial culture of above motioned strains. Effect of microbial inoculation on plant growth, endosulfan uptake and endosulfan removal efficiency were analyzed. The microbial inoculation significantly enhances the growth of test plant and endosulfan dissipation from soil (p < 0.05). The addition of bacterial strain M1, M2, M3 and M4 in treated pots showed enhanced root length by 13, 33 35, 20.2 and 4.3 %, above ground plant length by 16.38, 35.56, 24.92 and 9.8 % and biomass by 33.69, 49.63, 39.24 and 17.09 % respectively when compared with endosulfan treated plants. After 135 days of exposure, a decline in endosulfan concentration by 59.12, 64.56, 62.69 and 56.39 % was obtained in the spiked soil inoculated with bacterial strains M1, M2, M3 and M4 respectively whereas, decrease in endosulfan concentration by 72.78, 85.25, 76.91 and 65.44 % in the vegetative spiked soil inoculated with same strains was observed during same exposure period. After 135 days of growth period, enhanced removal of endosulfan from experimental soil by 13.66, 20.69, 14.22 and 9.05 % was found in vegetative experiment inoculated with same strains when compared with non vegetative experiment. Result of the study showed that use of toletant plant and tolerant bacterial strains could be the better strategy for the remediation of endosulfan contaminated soil.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are grateful to the Director CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) for providing necessary facilities. Authors also wish to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DST) for financial support as DST-WOS-A project.

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  1. Eco Auditing Group, National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India

    Vandana Singh, Pratiksha Singh & Nandita Singh

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  1. Vandana Singh
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  2. Pratiksha Singh
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  3. Nandita Singh
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Correspondence to Vandana Singh or Nandita Singh.

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Singh, V., Singh, P. & Singh, N. Synergistic influence of Vetiveria zizanioides and selected rhizospheric microbial strains on remediation of endosulfan contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology 25, 1327–1337 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1685-z

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Keywords

  • Rhizoremediation
  • Contaminants
  • Detoxification
  • Metabolites
  • Tolerance