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Chromosomal damage and EROD induction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) along the Upper Mississippi River, Minnesota, USA

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Abstract

The health of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, on the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) was assessed in 2010 and 2011 using biomarkers at six sites downriver of Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area, a tributary into the UMR, and a nearby lake. Chromosomal damage was evaluated in nestling blood by measuring the coefficient of variation of DNA content (DNA CV) using flow cytometry. Cytochrome P450 1A activity in nestling liver was measured using the ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) assay, and oxidative stress was estimated in nestling livers via determination of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the ratio GSSG/GSH, total sulfhydryl, and protein bound sulfhydryl (PBSH). A multilevel regression model (DNA CV) and simple regressions (EROD and oxidative stress) were used to evaluate biomarker responses for each location. Chromosomal damage was significantly elevated at two sites on the UMR (Pigs Eye and Pool 2) relative to the Green Mountain Lake reference site, while the induction of EROD activity was only observed at Pigs Eye. No measures of oxidative stress differed among sites. Multivariate analysis confirmed an increased DNA CV at Pigs Eye and Pool 2, and elevated EROD activity at Pigs Eye. These results suggest that the health of tree swallows has been altered at the DNA level at Pigs Eye and Pool 2 sites, and at the physiological level at Pigs Eye site only.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Michigan Water Center, a center of the Graham Sustainability Institute. The Water Center is supported by funds from the Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation and the University of Michigan. We thank Steve Lenhart, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Hastings, MN; Helen C. Nelson, Buffalo, MN; City of South St. Paul; MN Dept. of Transportation; Jim Nissen, Upper Mississippi River National Fish and Wildlife Refuge; the Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad, and other landowners for allowing us to have nest boxes up on their properties; Dwayne Houdek for boat storage; and Pete Boma, Dave Warburton, Zachary Jorgenson, Jennifer Herner-Thogmartin, Melissa Meier and Max Weber for field assistance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science and the Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA

    Emilie Bigorgne & Cole W. Matson

  2. U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA

    Thomas W. Custer, Paul M. Dummer, Richard A. Erickson, Christine M. Custer & Wayne E. Thogmartin

  3. U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC East, BLDG 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Natalie Karouna-Renier & Sandra Schultz

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  1. Emilie Bigorgne
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Bigorgne, E., Custer, T.W., Dummer, P.M. et al. Chromosomal damage and EROD induction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) along the Upper Mississippi River, Minnesota, USA. Ecotoxicology 24, 1028–1039 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1443-7

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