Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Cytochrome P4501A1 expression in blubber biopsies of endangered false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and nine other odontocete species from Hawai‘i

  • Published:
Ecotoxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Odontocetes (toothed whales) are considered sentinel species in the marine environment because of their high trophic position, long life spans, and blubber that accumulates lipophilic contaminants. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) is a biomarker of exposure and molecular effects of certain persistent organic pollutants. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize CYP1A1 expression in blubber biopsies collected by non-lethal sampling methods from 10 species of free-ranging Hawaiian odontocetes: short-finned pilot whale, melon-headed whale, pygmy killer whale, common bottlenose dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, pantropical spotted dolphin, Blainville’s beaked whale, Cuvier’s beaked whale, sperm whale, and endangered main Hawaiian Islands insular false killer whale. Significantly higher levels of CYP1A1 were observed in false killer whales and rough-toothed dolphins compared to melon-headed whales, and in general, trophic position appears to influence CYP1A1 expression patterns in particular species groups. No significant differences in CYP1A1 were found based on age class or sex across all samples. However, within male false killer whales, juveniles expressed significantly higher levels of CYP1A1 when compared to adults. Total polychlorinated biphenyl (∑PCBs) concentrations in 84 % of false killer whales exceeded proposed threshold levels for health effects, and ∑PCBs correlated with CYP1A1 expression. There was no significant relationship between PCB toxic equivalent quotient and CYP1A1 expression, suggesting that this response may be influenced by agonists other than the dioxin-like PCBs measured in this study. No significant differences were found for CYP1A1 expression among social clusters of false killer whales. This work provides a foundation for future health monitoring of the endangered stock of false killer whales and other Hawaiian odontocetes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Addison RF, Brodie PF (1987) Transfer of organochlorine residues from blubber through the circulatory system to milk in lactating grey seal, Halichoerus grypus. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44(4):782–786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aguilar A, Borrell A (1994) Abnormally high polychlorinated biphenyl levels in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) affected by the 1990–1992 Mediterranean epizootic. Sci Total Environ 154(2–3):237–247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angell CM, Wilson JY, Moore MJ, Stegeman JJ (2004) Cytochrome P4501A1 expression in cetacean integument: implications for detecting contaminant exposure and effects. Mar Mammal Sci 20(3):554–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aschettino JM, Baird RW, McSweeney DJ, Webster DL, Schorr GS, Huggins JL, Martien KK, Mahaffy SD, West KL (2011) Population structure of melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra) in the Hawaiian Archipelago: evidence of multiple populations based on photo-identification. Mar Mammal Sci 28(4):666–689. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00517.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bachman MJ, Keller JM, West KL, Jensen BA (2014) Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in blubber of 16 species of cetaceans stranded in the Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2011. Sci Total Environ 488–489:115–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird RW (2009) A review of false killer whales in Hawaiian waters: biology, status, and risk factors. Report prepared for the US Marine Mammal Commission under Order No. E40475499

  • Baird RW, Ligon AD, Hooker SK, Gorgone AM (2001) Subsurface and nighttime behaviour of pantropical spotted dolphins in Hawai‘i. Can J Zoolog 79(6):988–996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird RW, Webster DL, McSweeney DJ, Ligon AD, Schorr GS, Barlow J (2006) Diving behaviour of Cuvier’s (Ziphius cavirostris) and Blainville’s (Mesoplodon densirostris) beaked whales in Hawai‘i. Can J Zoolog 84(8):1120–1128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird RW, Gorgone AM, McSweeney DJ, Webster DL, Salden DR, Deakos MH, Ligon AD, Schorr GS, Barlow J, Mahaffy SD (2008a) False killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) around the main Hawaiian Islands: long-term site fidelity, inter-island movements, and association patterns. Mar Mammal Sci 24(3):591–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird RW, Webster DL, Mahaffy SD, McSweeney DJ, Schorr GS, Ligon AD (2008b) Site fidelity and association patterns in a deep-water dolphin: rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Mar Mammal Sci 24(3):535–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird RW, Gorgone AM, McSweeney DJ, Ligon AD, Deakos MH, Webster DL, Schorr GS, Martien KK, Salden DR, Mahaffy SD (2009) Population structure of island-associated dolphins: evidence from photo-identification of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the main Hawaiian Islands. Mar Mammal Sci 25(2):251–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird RW, Hanson MB, Schorr GS, Webster DL, McSweeney DJ, Gorgone AM, Mahaffy SD, Holzer D, Oleson EM, Andrews RD (2012) Range and primary habitats of the Hawaiian insular false killer whales: informing determination of critical habitat. Endanger Species Res 18:47–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird RW, Webster DL, Aschettino JM, Schorr GS, McSweeney DJ (2013) Odontocete cetaceans around the main Hawaiian Islands: habitat use and relative abundance from small-boat sighting surveys. Aquat Mamm 39(3):253–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Best PB, Shaughnessy PD (1981) First record of the melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra, from South Africa. Ann S Afr Mus 83(3):33–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Borrell A, Bloch D, Desportes G (1995) Age trends and reproductive transfer of organochlorine compounds in long-finned pilot whales from the Faroe Islands. Environ Pollut 88(3):283–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brasher AMD, Wolff RH (2004) Relations between land use and organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and semi-volatile organic compounds in streambed sediment and fish on the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. Arch Environ Con Toxicol 46(3):385–398

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer A, Reijnders PJH, Koeman JH (1989) Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish induces vitamin A and thyroid hormone deficiency in the common seal (Phoca vitulina). Aquat Toxicol 15(1):99–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer A, Morse DC, Lans MC, Schuur AG, Murk AJ, Klasson-Wehler E, Bergman A, Visser TJ (1998) Interactions of persistent environmental organohalogens with the thyroid hormone system: mechanisms and possible consequences for animal and human health. Toxicol Ind Health 14(1–2):59–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke M, Young R (1998) Description and analysis of cephalopod beaks from stomachs of six species of odontocete cetaceans stranded on Hawaiian shores. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 78(2):623–641

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke MR, Martins HR, Pascoe P (1993) The diet of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus 1758) off the Azores. Philos Trans R Soc B 339(1287):67–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conney AH (1982) Induction of microsomal enzymes by foreign chemicals and carcinogenesis by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: G.H.A. Clowes Memorial Lecture. Cancer Res 42(12):4875–4917

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Brito APX, Takahashi S, Ueno D, Iwata H, Tanabe S, Kubodera T (2002) Organochlorine and butyltin residues in deep-sea organisms collected from the western North Pacific, off-Tohoku, Japan. Mar Pollut Bull 45(1):348–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Guise S, Martineau D, Beland P, Fournier M (1998) Effects of in vitro exposure of beluga whale leukocytes to selected organochlorines. J Toxicol Environ Health A 55(7):479–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denison MS, Pandini A, Nagy SR, Baldwin EP, Bonati L (2002) Ligand binding and activation of the Ah receptor. Chem-Biol Interact 141(1–2):3–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2012) Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; endangered status for the main Hawaiian Islands insular false killer whale distinct population segment. Fed Reg 77(229):70915–70939

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans K, Hindell MA (2004) The diet of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in southern Australian waters. ICES J Mar Sci 61(8):1313–1329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fertall S (2010) The presence of persistent organic pollutants and expression of cytochrome P4501A1 in Hawaiian cetaceans, M.S. thesis. Kaneohe: Hawai‘i Pacific University

  • Foltz K (2012) Cytochrome P4501A1 in the blubber of free-ranging and stranded Hawaiian odontocetes, M.S. thesis. Kaneohe: Hawai‘i Pacific University

  • Gilson A, Syvanen M, Levine K, Banks J (1998) Deer gender determination by polymerase chain reaction: validation study and application to tissues, bloodstains, and hair forensic samples from California. Calif Fish Game 84(4):159–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Godard-Codding CAJ, Clark R, Fossi MC, Marsili L, Maltese S, West AG, Valenzuela L, Rowntree V, Polyak I, Cannon JC, Pinkerton K, Rubio-Cisneros N, Mesnick SL, Cox SB, Kerr I, Payne R, Stegeman JJ (2011) Pacific Ocean-wide profile of CYP1A1 expression, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, and organic contaminant burden in sperm whale skin biopsies. Environ Health Perspect 119(3):337–343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gu YZ, Hogenesch JB, Bradfield CA (2000) The PAS superfamily: sensors of environmental and developmental signals. Annu Rev Pharmacol 40(1):519–561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hargrave BT, Vass WP, Erickson PE, Fowler BR (1988) Atmospheric transport of organochlorines to the Arctic Ocean. Tellus 40B(5):480–493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey RG (1991) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: chemistry and carcinogenicity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 11

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman DP, Burrows DG, Wade PR, Durban JW, Matkin CO, LeDuc RG, Barrett-Lennard RG, Krahn MM (2005) Feeding ecology of eastern North Pacific killer whales Orcinus orca from fatty acid, stable isotope, and organochlorine analyses of blubber biopsies. Mar Ecol-Prog Ser 302:275–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooker SK, Metcalfe TL, Metcalfe CD, Angell CM, Wilson JY, Moore MJ, Whitehead H (2008) Changes in persistent contaminant concentration and CYP1A1 protein expression in biopsy samples from northern bottlenose whales, Hyperoodon ampullatus, following the onset of nearby oil and gas development. Environ Pollut 152(1):205–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarman WM, Norstrom RJ, Muir DCG, Rosenberg B, Simon M, Baird RW (1996) Levels of organochlorine compounds, including PCDDs and PCDFs, in the blubber of cetaceans from the West Coast of North America. Mar Pollut Bull 32(5):426–436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jauniaux T, Farnir F, Fontaine M, Kiszka J, Sarlet M, Coignoul F (2011) Cytochrome P4501A1 expression in cetacean skin biopsies from the Indian Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 62(6):1317–1319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jepson PD, Bennett PM, Deaville R, Allchin CR, Baker JR, Law RJ (2005) Relationships between polychlorinated biphenyls and health status in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded in the United Kingdom. Environ Toxicol Chem 24(1):238–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminsky LS, Kennedy MW, Adams SM, Guengerich FP (1981) Metabolism of dichlorobiphenyls by highly purified isozymes of rat liver cytochrome P-450. Biochemistry 20(26):7379–7384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan K, Blankenship AL, Jones PD, Giesy JP (2000) Toxicity reference values for the toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls to aquatic mammals. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 6(1):181–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koopman HN, Iverson SJ, Gaskin DE (1996) Stratification and age-related differences in blubber fatty acids of the male harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). J Comp Physiol B 165(8):628–639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krahn MM, Herman DP, Matkin CO, Durban JW, Barrett-Lennard L, Burrows DG, Dahlheim ME, Black N, LeDuc RG, Wade PR (2007) Use of chemical tracers in assessing the diet and foraging regions of eastern North Pacific killer whales. Mar Environ Res 63(2):91–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krahn MM, Hanson MB, Schorr GS, Emmons CK, Burrows DG, Bolton JL, Baird RW, Ylitalo GM (2009) Effects of age, sex and reproductive status on persistent organic pollutant concentrations in “Southern Resident” killer whales. Mar Pollut Bull 58(10):1522–1529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lahvis GP, Wells RS, Kuehl DW, Stewart JL, Rhinehart HL, Via CS (1995) Decreased lymphocyte responses in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are associated with increased concentrations of PCBs and DDT in peripheral blood. Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 4):67–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Law RJ (2014) An overview of time trends in organic contaminant concentrations in marine mammals: going up or down? Mar Pollut Bull 82(1):7–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Letcher RJ, Klasson Wehler E, Bergman A (2000) Methyl sulfone and hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls. In: Paasivinta J (ed) The handbook of environmental chemistry: new types of persistent halogenated compounds, vol 3. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 314–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez J, Boyd D, Ylitalo GM, Littnan C, Pearce R (2012) Persistent organic pollutants in the endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) from the main Hawaiian Islands. Mar Pollut Bull 64(11):2588–2598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod CD, Santos MB, Pierce GJ (2003) Review of data on diets of beaked whales: evidence of niche separation and geographic segregation. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 83(3):651–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahaffy SD (2012) Site fidelity, associations, and long-term bonds of short-finned pilot whales off the island of Hawai‘i, M.S. Thesis. Portland: Portland State University

  • Martineau D, Lemberger K, Dallaire A, Labelle P, Lipscomb TP, Michel P, Mikaelian I (2002) Cancer in wildlife, a case study: beluga from the St. Lawrence estuary, Québec, Canada. Environ Health Perspect 110(3):285–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McSweeney DJ, Baird RW, Mahaffy SD (2007) Site fidelity, associations and movements of Cuvier’s (Ziphius cavirostris) and Blainville’s (Mesoplodon densirostris) beaked whales off the island of Hawai‘i. Mar Mammal Sci 23(3):666–687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McSweeney DJ, Baird RW, Mahaffy SD, Webster DL, Schorr GS (2009) Site fidelity and association patterns of a rare species: pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) in the main Hawaiian Islands. Mar Mammal Sci 25(3):557–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller EC, Miller JA (1981) Mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. Cancer 47(Suppl. 5):1055–1064

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills RA, Millis CD, Dannan GA, Guengerich FP, Aust SD (1985) Studies on the structure–activity relationships for the metabolism of polybrominated biphenyls by rat liver microsomes. Toxicol Appl Pharm 78(1):96–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montie EW, Fair PA, Bossart GD, Mitchum GB, Houde M, Muir DCG, Letcher RJ, McFee WE, Starczak VR, Stegeman JJ, Hahn ME (2008a) Cytochrome P4501A1 expression, polychlorinated biphenyls and hydroxylated metabolites, and adipocyte size of bottlenose dolphins from the southeast United States. Aquat Toxicol 86(3):397–412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montie EW, Garvin SR, Fair PA, Bossart GD, Mitchum GB, McFee WE, Speakman T, Starczak VR, Hahn ME (2008b) Blubber morphology in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeastern United States: influence of geographic location, age class, and reproductive state. J Morphol 269(4):496–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morin PA, Nestler A, Rubio-Cisneros NT, Robertson KM, Mesnick SL (2005) Interfamilial characterization of a region of the ZFX and ZFY genes facilitates sex determination in cetaceans and other mammals. Mol Ecol 14(10):3275–3286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson A (1996) Biotransformation of xenobiotics. In: Klaassen CD (ed) Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: the basic science of poisons. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 133–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips DH (1983) Fifty years of benzo(a)pyrene. Nature 303:468–472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poland A, Knutson JC (1982) 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons: examination of the mechanism of toxicity. Annu Rev Pharmacol 22(1):517–542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross PS, Ellis GM, Ikonomou MG, Barrett-Lennard LG, Addison RF (2000) High PCB concentrations in free-ranging Pacific killer whales, Orcinus orca: effects of age, sex and dietary preference. Mar Pollut Bull 40(6):504–515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safe SH (1998) Development validation and problems with the toxic equivalency factor approach for risk assessment of dioxins and related compounds. J Anim Sci 76(1):134–141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlezinger JJ, Stegeman JJ (2001) Induction and suppression of cytochrome P4501A by 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and its relationship to oxidative stress in the marine fish scup (Stenotomus chrysops). Aquat Toxicol 52(2):101–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt JV, Bradfield CA (1996) Ah receptor signaling pathways. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12(1):55–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwacke LH, Voit EO, Hansen LJ, Wells RS, Mitchum GB, Hohn AA et al (2002) Probabilistic risk assessment of reproductive effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeast United States coast. Environ Toxicol Chem 21(12):2752–2764

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimada T, Fujii-Kuriyama Y (2004) Metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to carcinogens by cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1B1. Cancer Sci 95(1):1–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sloan CA, Brown DW, Pearce RW, Boyer RH, Bolton JL, Burrows DG, Herman DP, Krahn MM (2005) Determining aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons in sediments and tissues using accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Chap. 35. In: Ostrander GK (ed) Techniques in aquatic toxicology, vol 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Tremoen NH, Fowler PA, Ropstad E, Verhaegen S, Krogenaes A (2014) Exposure to the three structurally different PCB congeners (PCB 118, 153, and 126) results in decreased protein expression and altered steroidogenesis in the human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line H295R. J Toxicol Environ Health A 77(9–11):516–534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueno D, Inoue S, Ikeda K, Tanaka H, Yamada H, Tanabe S (2003) Specific accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in Japanese common squid as a bioindicator. Environ Pollut 125(2):227–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Berg M, Birnbaum LS, Denison M, De Vito M, Farland W, Feeley M, Fiedler H, Hakansson H, Hanberg A, Haws L et al (2006) The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol Sci 93(2):223–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wania F, Mackay D (1996) Tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 30(9):390–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White RD, Shea D, Schlezinger JJ, Hahn ME, Stegeman JJ (2000) In vitro metabolism of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and pilot whale (Globicephala melas) and relationship to cytochrome P450 expression. Comp Biochem Phys C 126(3):267–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitlock JP Jr (1999) Induction of cytochrome P4501A1. Annu Rev Pharmacol 39(1):103–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JY (2003) Cytochrome P4501A1 and aromatase (CYP19) in cetaceans: enzyme expression and relationship to contaminant exposure, Ph.D. dissertation. Woods Hole: MIT/WHOI

  • Wilson JY, Cooke SR, Moore MJ, Martineau D, Mikaelian I, Metner DA, Lockhart WL, Stegeman JJ (2005) Systemic effects of Arctic pollutants in beluga whales indicated by CYP1A1 expression. Environ Health Perspect 113(11):1594–1599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JY, Wells R, Aguilar A, Borrell A, Tornero V, Reijnders P, Moore M, Stegeman JJ (2007) Correlates of cytochrome P4501A1 expression in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) integument biopsies. Toxicol Sci 97(1):111–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JY, Moore MJ, Stegeman JJ (2010) Catalytic and immunochemical detection of hepatic and extrahepatic microsomal cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus). Aquat Toxicol 96(3):216–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang F, Wilcox B, Jin S, Aguirre AA, Rougée L, Xu Y, Lu Y (2008) Detection and quantitative analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in tilapia from Hawaiian waters. Chemosphere 73(1):133–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ylitalo GM, Yanagida GK, Hufnagle L, Jr, Krahn MM (2005) Determination of lipid classes and lipid content in tissues of aquatic organisms using a thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detection (TLC/FID) microlipid method, Chap. 12. In: Ostrander GK (ed) Techniques in aquatic toxicology, vol 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Ylitalo GM, Baird RW, Yanagida GK, Webster DL, Chivers SJ, Bolton JL, Schorr GS, McSweeney DJ (2009) High levels of persistent organic pollutants measured in blubber of island-associated false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) around the main Hawaiian Islands. Mar Pollut Bull 58(12):1932–1937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeiger M, Haag R, Hockel J, Schrenk D, Schmitz HJ (2001) Inducing effects of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls on CYP1A in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, the rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE, and rat primary hepatocytes: comparison of relative potencies. Toxicol Sci 63(1):65–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoeller TR, Dowling ALS, Herzig CTA, Iannacone EA, Gauger KJ, Bansal R (2002) Thyroid hormone, brain development, and the environment. Environ Health Perspect 110(Suppl 3):355–361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

CYP1A1 lab work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) award NA10NMF4520169 and Hawai‘i Pacific University’s Graduate Trustee’s scholarship. Fieldwork was supported by Grants and contracts to Cascadia Research Collective from the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and Southwest Fisheries Science Center (with support from the United States Navy – N45), the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Office of Naval Research (through the Alaska SeaLife Center/University of Alaska Fairbanks). We would like to thank Daniel Webster, Jessica Aschettino and Greg Schorr for assistance in the field, and Su Fertall White for her technical assistance. Louella Dolar and Karen Martien at Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Renee Albertson at Oregon State University provided genetic analysis, and Sabre Mahaffy confirmed individual and population identity from photographs. We appreciate the PCB analyses provided by Bernie Anulacion, Jennie Bolton, Daryle Boyd, Richard Boyer, Ron Pearce and Catherine Sloan from National Marine Fisheries Service’s (NMFS) Northwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank Teri Rowles of the NMFS Office of Protected Resources for her financial support under the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. Biopsy samples were collected under NMFS Scientific Research Permits 774-1714 and 14097 held by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawai‘i Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA

    Kerry M. Foltz & Brenda A. Jensen

  2. Cascadia Research Collective, 218 1/2 4th Ave W, Olympia, WA, 98501, USA

    Robin W. Baird

  3. Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA, 98112-2097, USA

    Gina M. Ylitalo

Authors
  1. Kerry M. Foltz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robin W. Baird
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gina M. Ylitalo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Brenda A. Jensen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brenda A. Jensen.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 85 kb)

Supplementary material 2 (PDF 83 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Foltz, K.M., Baird, R.W., Ylitalo, G.M. et al. Cytochrome P4501A1 expression in blubber biopsies of endangered false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and nine other odontocete species from Hawai‘i. Ecotoxicology 23, 1607–1618 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1300-0

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1300-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation