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Influence of adaptive evolution of cadmium tolerance on neutral and functional genetic variation in Orchesella cincta

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Abstract

Adaptation to environmental toxicants, such as metals, can affect population genetic diversity, both at neutral and selectable loci. At the transcriptional level, evolution of metal tolerance is possible due to the existence of polymorphisms in the cis-regulatory sequences of stress-responsive genes such as the metallothionein gene (mt). This study investigated the influence of cadmium adaptation on genetic diversity of soil-living Orchesella cincta (Collembola) populations in neutral (microsatellites and AFLP) and in functional (mt promoter) markers. Also, the influence of cis- and trans-acting factors on increased tolerance was addressed. No reduced genetic diversity was observed in two tolerant populations compared to five sensitive populations, either in neutral or in selectable markers. Extensive migration along with a large population size may explain the high genetic diversity measured. The metal-tolerant phenotype seems to be mostly influenced by genetic factors acting in cis on mt gene expression. The results suggest that certain promoter genotypes, which are found mainly or exclusively in Cd-tolerant populations, contribute to higher constitutive mt gene expression in individuals from these populations. However, more studies are needed to clearly unravel the influence of cis/trans-regulatory evolution in tolerant populations.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Daisy De Vries and Marta Ferreira for their help in collecting springtails. This work was supported by the Portuguese “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (FCT), Grant-SFRH/BD/31566/2006 to D. Costa.

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  1. Thierry K. S. Janssens

    Present address: BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, IMAR-CMA, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal

    Dalila Costa & José Paulo Sousa

  2. Department of Ecological Science, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Janine Mariën, Thierry K. S. Janssens, Cornelis A. M. van Gestel, Gerard Driessen, Nico M. van Straalen & Dick Roelofs

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  1. Dalila Costa
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Correspondence to Dalila Costa.

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Costa, D., Mariën, J., Janssens, T.K.S. et al. Influence of adaptive evolution of cadmium tolerance on neutral and functional genetic variation in Orchesella cincta . Ecotoxicology 21, 2078–2087 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-0961-9

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