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DNA damage in cichlids from an oil production facility in Guatemala

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Abstract

This study focused on several wetlands in Laguna del Tigre National Park (Guatemala) as part of Conservation International’s Rapid Assessment Program. Sediment and water samples were collected from a laguna near Xan field, Guatemala’s largest oil facility, and three other sites for determination of levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Cichlid fish (Thorichthys meeki and Vieja synspila) were collected for determination of DNA strand breakage (by gel electrophoresis), chromosomal breakage (flow cytometry), and fin erosion. For T. meeki from Xan field, chromosomal breakage and strand breakage was greater than in at least two of the three reference sites. For V. synspila, chromosomal breakage and strand breakage were greater in Xan than one of the two reference sites. Fin erosion was observed only at the Xan laguna. Genetic biomarker effects and fin erosion, along with patterns of aqueous PAH concentrations, indicate that fish are affected by anthropogenic contaminants. PAHs were elevated at some reference sites, but environmental forensic analysis suggested a pyrogenic or diagenic origin. It is possible that oil field brines injected into the ground water caused fin erosion and genotoxicity in fish at Xan field, and it is also possible that pyrogenic PAHs influence levels of DNA damage in reference sites. These analyses represent one of the first efforts to examine genotoxicity in native Mesoamerican cichlids.

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Acknowledgments

This article is dedicated to the memory of K.C. Donnelly, an exceptional friend, excellent colleague, and outstanding scientist. The authors would like to thank Barry Chernoff (Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA), Herman Kinh (Unidad de Investigación, Vida Silvestre, Guatemala City, Guatemala) and Christian Barrientos (CI-ProPetén, Ciudad Flores, Guatemala) for their assistance in field collections; Greg Love and Leeanne Alonso (Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA) for technical and logistical assistance; and the Las Guacamayas Biological Field Research Station, Petén, Guatemala, for use of facilities. This research was conducted in collaboration with ProPetén, Flores, Guatemala, and was funded in part by Conservation International, Washington, DC, and by NIEHS grant number ES04917. This study was presented in part at the 21st Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 12–16 November 2000, Nashville, TN, and is publication No. 102 of the Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity, Texas A&M University. The intent of this article is purely for dissemination of scientific knowledge, and is neither endorsement nor condemnation of the activities of any corporation, their employees or subsidiaries, nor to imply liability on their part.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA

    Christopher W. Theodorakis

  2. Center for the Environment and Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    John W. Bickham

  3. Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Kirby C. Donnelly

  4. School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Thomas J. McDonald

  5. Fish Division, Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA

    Philip W. Willink

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  1. Christopher W. Theodorakis
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  2. John W. Bickham
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  3. Kirby C. Donnelly
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  4. Thomas J. McDonald
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  5. Philip W. Willink
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Correspondence to John W. Bickham.

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Kirby C. Donnelly—Deceased.

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Theodorakis, C.W., Bickham, J.W., Donnelly, K.C. et al. DNA damage in cichlids from an oil production facility in Guatemala. Ecotoxicology 21, 496–511 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0811-1

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