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Concentrations of Irgarol in selected marinas of Oahu, Hawaii and effects on settlement of coral larval

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Abstract

This study examined concentrations of Irgarol 1051® in selected marinas on the island of Oahu, Hawaii and used laboratory bioassays to assess effects of Irgarol on coral larval settlement. Field surveys of small boat marinas performed in 2006–2007 revealed low concentrations of Irgarol 1051®, an antifouling paint additive, ranging from non-detected (<17 ng/l) to 283 ng/l. The highest concentrations of Irgarol 1051® were found in marinas with low flushing rates and a high density of moored boats and boat traffic. The potential effect of Irgarol 1051® on coral larval settlement was evaluated in the laboratory using planulae from Porites hawaiiensis, a zooxanthellate shade-dwelling coral found in Hawaiian waters. Exposure to Irgarol 1051® at 100 ng/l resulted in a statistically significant reduction in settlement of coral larvae. This was within the range of Irgarol 1051® concentrations found in some of the marinas surveyed on the island of Oahu but Irgarol was not detected in seawater samples at offshore reefs.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative (Grant Number: NOA06NOS4260200). Special thanks to Jon Martinez, Luc Rougee, Chris Ostrander, Vijayavel Kannappan, and Heather Knutson.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East–West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Sean Knutson

  2. Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 93, Clifford, VA, 24533, USA

    Craig A. Downs

  3. Kewalo Marine Laboratory, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA

    Robert H. Richmond

Authors
  1. Sean Knutson
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  2. Craig A. Downs
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  3. Robert H. Richmond
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Correspondence to Robert H. Richmond.

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Knutson, S., Downs, C.A. & Richmond, R.H. Concentrations of Irgarol in selected marinas of Oahu, Hawaii and effects on settlement of coral larval. Ecotoxicology 21, 1–8 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0752-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0752-8

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