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Comparative toxicity of antifouling compounds on the development of sea urchin

Ecotoxicology volume 20, pages 1870–1880 (2011)Cite this article

Abstract

In the present study, embryotoxicity experiments using the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus were carried out to better clarify the ecotoxicological effects of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) (the recently banned antifouling agents), and Irgarol and Diuron (two of the new commonly used booster biocides). Organisms were individually examined to evaluate the intensity and type of effects on embryo-larval development, this procedure has not been commonly used, however it showed to be a potentially suitable approach for toxicity assessment. NOEC and LOEC were similar for compounds of same chemical class, and IC10 values were very close and showed overlapping of confidence intervals between TBT and TPT, and between Diuron and Irgarol. In addition, IC10 were similar to NOEC values. Regardless of this, the observed effects were different. Embryo development was interrupted at the gastrula and blastula stages at 1.25 and 2.5 μg l−1 of TBT, respectively, whereas pluteus stage was reached with the corresponding concentrations of TPT. Furthermore, embryos reached the prism and morula stages at 5 μg l−1 of TPT and TBT, respectively. The effects induced by Irgarol were also more pronounced than those caused by Diuron. Pluteus stage was always reached at any tested Diuron concentration, while embryogenesis was interrupted at blastula/gastrula stages at the highest concentrations of Irgarol. Therefore, this study proposes a complementary approach for interpreting embryo-larval responses that may be employed together with the traditional way of analysis. Consequently, this application leads to a more powerful ecotoxicological assessment tool focused on embryotoxicity.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Petrobras S.A. for the infrastructure built (Research grant No. 4600224067) at CONECO Laboratory (FURG-RS), and to colleagues Ítalo Braga de Castro and Luís Alberto Echenique Dominguez for help in the chemical analyses. F. C. Perina (MSc grant No. 134170/2007-5), D. M. S. Abessa (PQ 303620/2008-0) and G. Fillmann (PQ 311459/2006-4 and 314335/2009-9) were sponsored by CNPq (Brazilian National Research Council).

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  1. Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Italia, km 8–Carreiros, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil

    Fernando Cesar Perina, Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho & Gilberto Fillmann

  2. Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (NEPEA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brazil

    Fernando Cesar Perina & Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa

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  1. Fernando Cesar Perina
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  2. Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
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  3. Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho
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Correspondence to Fernando Cesar Perina.

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Perina, F.C., de Souza Abessa, D.M., Pinho, G.L.L. et al. Comparative toxicity of antifouling compounds on the development of sea urchin. Ecotoxicology 20, 1870–1880 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0725-y

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Keywords

  • Antifouling
  • Aquatic pollutant
  • Assessment tool
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Embryo-larval response
  • Embryogenesis