Abstract
Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is widely used as a component of detergents, paints, pesticides, and many other products. In the aquatic environment NPE breakdown to 4-nonylphenol (NP), which is more stable and persistent. NP is estrogenic in fish, avian, and mammals and is described as an environmental pollutant with endocrine disruptor characteristics. The genotoxicity of NP was evaluated through micronuclei assay and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) in peripheral erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus exposed in vivo. The study on reproductive development was also carried out in male and female gonads of O. niloticus. Lethal concentration (LC 50%) of 0.032 ml l−1 was previously determined. We ran assays with O. niloticus exposed to concentrations of 1.0, 10.0, and 16.0 μl l−1 of NP diluted in water. Our results showed that NP was not genotoxic. However, 3-day exposure to NP in concentrations of 1.0, 10.0, and 16.0 μl l−1 of water increased the frequency of reproductive stages in males and females. The histology of the reproductive tract of the treated fish was significantly altered in females treated with 16.0 μl l−1 of water when compared to controls. Analogous estrogenic effects were observed, such as accelerated maturation of oocytes and spermatogenesis. These results showed that the O. niloticus reproductive system is sensitive to NP estrogenicity.
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Acknowledgments
Research supported by PRONEX/CNPq 193.000.121/2004-31, University of Brasília and FINATEC. Carla L. G. Rivero received a fellowship from CAPES (Brazilian Ministry of Education). The authors thank the Brasilia Municipal Drinking Water and Sewage Corporation (CAESB) for providing field facilities.
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Rivero, C.L.G., Barbosa, A.C., Ferreira, M.F.N. et al. Evaluation of genotoxicity and effects on reproduction of nonylphenol in Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: cichlidae). Ecotoxicology 17, 732–737 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0222-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0222-0