Abstract
This paper reports on Aboriginal parents’ perceptions about their involvement in a Western Australian pilot initiative called KindiLink. The program seeks to support parents as their child’s first teacher and thereby enhance Aboriginal children’s early-years development, while strengthening relationships between families and schools. A constructivist paradigm was used to inform the methodology which placed Aboriginal voices at the centre of the research. Data were collected from 125 participating family members, over two years and across 37 school-based KindiLink sites. The results show that parent contribution to and engagement in KindiLink provided a powerful context to acknowledge, encourage, and support parents. Parents identified the development of strong and mutually respectful relationships; the engagement in working with their child; and the incorporation of families’ cultural and linguistic knowledge into the program as positive contributing factors. The paper concludes with recommendations and implications for the further development, implementation, and evaluation of Kindilink and other programs targeted at disadvantaged communities.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
We note that in reporting the findings, the word ‘parent/s’ is used to indicate survey respondents, who include mothers/fathers, grandmothers, aunties and other members of the community that have responsibility for the child.
Where percentages are presented in tables, the actual sum of the categories may not add exactly to 100 due to rounding. Where open-ended survey items are reported, the sum of categorised comments may exceed the number of participants since respondents often provided more than one comment.
References
Aboriginal Child, Family and Community Care State Secretariat (AbSec). (2018). Aboriginal parenting programs: Review of case studies. AbSec.
ARACY. (2016). Parent engagement: A review linking policy and programs. Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth.
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS). (2012). Guidelines for ethical research in Australian Indigenous studies. AIATSIS.
Barblett, L., Barratt-Pugh, C., Knaus, M., & Copper, T. (2020). Supporting Aboriginal families’ and children’s developing sense of belonging at KindiLink. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood. https://doi.org/10.1177/1836939120966079
Barratt-Pugh, C., & Haig, Y. (2019). Creating books in communities: A book making program with families in a remote community in Western Australia. Early Childhood Education Journal, 48(1), 49–58.
Bowes, J., & Grace, R. (2014). Review of early childhood parenting, education and health intervention programs for Indigenous children and families in Australia. Institute of Health and Welfare and Australian Institute of Family Studies.
Cargo, M., & Warner, L. (2013). Realist evaluation in action: A worked example of the Aboriginal Parental Engagement Program. Australian Institute of Family Studies, 5 December 2013.
Carpentieri, J., Fairfax-Cholmeley, K., Litster, J., & Vorhaus, J. (2011). Family literacy in Europe: Using parental support initiatives to enhance early literacy development. NRDC, Institute of Education.
Chenhall, R., Holmes, C., Lea, T., Senior, K., & Wegner, A. (2011). Parent-school engagement: Exploring the concept of “invisible” Indigenous parents in three North Australian school communities. The Northern Institute.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315456539
De Lissovoy, N. (2011). Pedagogy in common: Democratic education in the global era. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43(10), 1119–1134.
Dockett, S., & Perry, B. (2020). Families and educators in remote Queensland: Sense of place in the delivery of a remote kindergarten program. Australian Educational Researcher. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-020-00401-z
Elliot, A. (2012). The early years learning framework in remote Australia every. The Child, 19(2), 16–18.
Emerson, L., Fear. J., Fox, S., & Sanders, E. (2012). Parental engagement in learning and schooling: Lessons from research. A report by the Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth (ARACY) for the Family-School and Community Partnerships Bureau: Canberra.
Fogarty, W., Lovell, M., Langenberg, J., & Heron, M. J. (2018). Deficit discourse and strengths-based approaches: Changing the narrative of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing. Australian National University.
Flückiger, B., Diamond, P., & Jones, W. (2012). Yarning space: Leading literacy learning through family-school partnerships. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 37(3), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911203700308
Garcia, D., & Hasson, D. (2004). Implementing family literacy programs for linguistically and culturally diverse populations: Key elements to consider. School Community Journal, 14(1), 113–137.
Grace, R., Bowes, J., McKay-Tempest, J., Burnstein, J., & Tregeagle, S. (2016). Early parenting education to strengthen Aboriginal parents in a remote area: The development and piloting of a group programme. Children Australia, 41(4), 249–257.
Guenther, J., Lowe, K., Burgess, C., Vass, G., & Moodie, N. (2019). Factors contributing to educational outcomes for First Nations students from remote communities: A systematic review. Australian Educational Researcher, 46(1), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00308-4
Hancock, K. J., Cunningham, N. K., Lawrence, D., Zarb, D., & Zubrick, S. R. (2015). Playgroup participation and social support outcomes for mothers of young children: A longitudinal cohort study. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133007
Higgins, D., & Morley, S. (2014). Engaging Indigenous parents in their children’s education. Closing the Gap Clearinghouse, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
Kaomea, J. (2012). Reconceptualizing Indigenous parent involvement in early educational settings: Lessons from Native Hawaiian preschool families. The International Indigenous Policy Journal. https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2012.3.4.4
Kearney, E., McIntosh, L., Perry, B., Dockett, S., & Clayton, K. (2014). Building positive relationships with Indigenous children, families and communities: Learning at the cultural interface. Critical Studies in Education, 55(3), 338–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2014.914963
Kitson, R., & Bowes, J. (2010). Incorporating Indigenous ways of knowing in early education for Indigenous children. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 35(4), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911003500410
Krakouer, J. (2016). Literature review relating to the current context and discourse surrounding Indigenous early childhood education, school readiness and transition programs to primary school. Australian Council of Educational Research. https://research.acer.edu.au/indigenous_education/43/
Yuen. L. H. (2019). New immigrant parents’ experiences in a parent education programme. International Journal of Early Years Education, 27(1), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2017.1390445
Liddell, M., Barnett, T., Roost, F., & McEachran, J. (2011). Investing in our future: An evaluation of the national rollout of the Home Interaction Program for Parents and Youngsters (HIPPY): Final Report to the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. HIPPY Australia and Brotherhood of St Laurence.
Lowe, K., Harrison, N., Tennent, C., Guenther, J., Vass, G., & Moodie, N. (2019). Factors affecting the development of school and Indigenous community engagement: A systematic review. The Australian Educational Researcher, 46(2), 253–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00314-6
Maher, M., & Buxton, B. (2015). Early childhood education at the cultural interface. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 44(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2015.5
Nakata, M. (2007). The cultural interface. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 36(S1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1326011100004646
National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). (2018). Ethical conduct in research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and communities: Guidelines for researchers and stakeholders. NHMRC.
Newman, L., Arthur, L., Staples, K., & Woodrow, C. (2016). Recognition of family engagement in young children’s literacy learning. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 41(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911604100110
Page, J., Cock, M., Murray, L., Eadie, T., Niklas, F., Janet Scull, J., & Sparling, J. (2019). An Abecedarian approach with Aboriginal families and their young children in Australia: Playgroup participation and developmental outcomes. International Journal of Early Childhood, 51, 233–250.
Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care (SNAICC). (2019). Working together to ensure equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the early years: Position paper. Early Childhood Australia and SNAICC. https://www.snaicc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/SNAICC-ECA-Early-Years-Position-Paper-Feb2019.pdf
Sydenham, E. (2019). Ensuring equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the early years: Discussion paper. Early Childhood Australia and SNAICC.
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Graduate School of Education. (n.d.). 3a Abecedarian approach Australia. Author. Retrieved 13 April, 2021, from https://3a.education.unimelb.edu.au
Thomas, D. R. (2006). A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214005283748
Trudgett, M., Page, S., Bodkin-Andrews, G., Franklin, C., & Whittaker, A. (2017). Another brick in the wall? Parent perceptions of school educational experiences of Indigenous Australian children. In M. Walter, K. Martin, & G. Bodkin-Andrews (Eds.), Indigenous children growing up strong (pp. 233–258). Palgrave Macmillan.
Yunkaporta, T. (2009). Aboriginal pedagogies at the cultural interface [PhD thesis]. James Cook University, Townsville.
Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge the lands on which this research took place and pay our respects to Aboriginal Elders past, present and emerging. We would like to thank all the families who took time to complete the survey and share their experiences and perceptions of KindiLink with us. The authors would like to thank Cindy McLean for her contribution to the research project. Funding for this research was received from the Education Department of Western Australia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no potential conflict of interest has been identified in relation to the research, authorship and publication of this article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barratt-Pugh, C., Barblett, L., Knaus, M. et al. Supporting Parents as their Child’s First Teacher: Aboriginal Parents’ Perceptions of KindiLink. Early Childhood Educ J 50, 903–912 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01221-1
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01221-1