Skip to main content
Log in

Children’s Voices on Bullying in Kindergarten

Early Childhood Education Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Cite this article

Abstract

Research suggests that bullying does occur in kindergarten. The extent of bullying in Norway and other Scandinavian countries is estimated to be about 12 %. The purpose of this study is to investigate children’s understanding and experiences of bullying. We use a qualitative approach and have conducted individual interviews and focus group interviews with a total of 31 children, 5 year-olds, in 4 different kindergartens. Additionally, observations were made of 4–5 year-olds in the same kindergartens, 142 children in total. The results show that the children describe bullying as doing or saying “something mean”. Exclusion from play is what all the children fear the most. This study shows that 1–2 children in each kindergarten are systematically excluded from play, and these children are overlooked by both other children and the adults in kindergarten.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Cf. def. p. 2.

References

  • Alsaker, F. D., & Nägele, C. (2008). Bullying in kindergarten and prevention. An International Perspective on Understanding and Addressing Bullying, 1, 230–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bratterud, Å., Sandseter, E. B. H., & Seland, M. (2012). Barns trivsel og medvirkning i Kindergartenn. Barns,foreldre og ansattes perspektiver (Children’s well-being and contribution in kindergarten. Children’s, parent’s and employees’ perspectives) (h. f. f. Barnevernets utviklingssenter og Dronning Mauds Minne, Trans.) Skriftserien fra barnevernets utviklingssenter i Midt-Norge (vol. 21). Trondheim: NTNU.

  • Bryman, A. (2008). The nature of qualitative research. I. Social research methods (3rd ed., pp. 363–398). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. M., & Verlove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2005). Bullying: Who does what, when and where? Involment of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior. Health Educational Research, 20(1), 81–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giorgi, A. (1997). The theory, practice and evaluation of the phenomenological method and qualitative reserarch procedure. Journal of the Phenomenological Psychology, 28(2), 26–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giorgi, A. (2004). A way to overcome the methodological vicissitudes involved in researching subjectivity. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 35(1), 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 8(4), 597–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greve, A. (2009). Friendship and participation among young children in a Norwegian kindergarten. In D. Berthelsen, J. Brownlee, & E. Johansson (Eds.), Participatory learning in the early years, research and pedagogy (pp. 78–92). Newyork, NY: Routledge.

  • Haavind, H. (2013). Hvem bilder han sig ind, at han er? Genforhandlinger af venskaber mellem børn i overgangen mellem barndom og ungdom. (Who does he think he is? Renegotiation of friendship in the transition from child to adolescent). In J. Kofoed & D. M. Søndergaard (Red.), Mobning gentænkt (Bullying reconsidered) (s. 193–226). København: Hans Reitzels forlag. Denmark.

  • Hanish, L. D., Ryan, P., Martin, C. L., & Fabes, R. A. (2004). The social context of young children’s peer victimication. Social Development, 14(1), 2–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2005). Introduction to research methods in psychology. Harlow: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirves, L., & Sajaniemi, N. (2012). Bullying in early educational settings. Early Child Development and Care, 182(3–4), 383–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kochenderfer, B. J., & Ladd, G. W. (1996). Peer victimization: Manifestations and relations to school adjustment in kindergarten. Journal of School Psychology, 34(3), 267–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kochenderfer, B. J., & Ladd, G. W. (1997). Victimized children’s responses to peers’ aggression: Behaviors associated with reduced versus continued victimization. Development and Psychopathology, 9(01), 59–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kofoed, J., & Søndergaard, D. M. (2013). Mobning gentænkt (Bullying reconsidered). København: Hans Reitzel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lødrup, T. (2011). Hvorfor er barn bestevenner?: En kvalitativ og kvantitativ studie av barns vennskap. (Why are children friends? A qualitative and quantitative study of children`s friendships). Oslo: T. Lødrup.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, I. (2015). Dropping out or holdning on? Dropping out as a sign of the difficulties experienced by adolescents with social, emotinal and behavioral difficulties (SEBD) in the transition to upper secondary school. Transitions in the field of special education. Theoretical perspectives and implications for practice (pp. 205–217). Norway, Kristiansand: Waxmann Verlag.

  • Mayall, B. (Ed.). (2000). Concersations with children. London: Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monks, C. P., & Coyne, I. (2011). Bullying in different contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, M., Gibbs, S., Maxwell, K., & Britten, N. (2000). Hearing children’s voices: Methodological issues in conducting focus groups with children aged 7–11 years. Qualitative Research, 2(1), 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myong, L., & Søndergaard, D. M. (2013). Om mobningens vandringer mellem enshed og forskellighed. (On bullying and its motions between uniformity and difference). In I. J. Kofoed & D. M. Søndergaard (Red.), Mobning gentænkt (Bullying reconsidered) (s. 318–340). København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.

  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school what we know and what we can do. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paley, V. G. (2009). You can’t say you can`t play. Boston: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation method (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perren, S. (2000). Kindergarten children involved in bullying: Social behaviour, peer relationships, and social status. Thesis, Universität Bern, Basel.

  • Repo, L., & Sajaniemi, N. (2014). Bystanders’ roles and children with special educational needs in bullying situations among preschool-aged children. Early Years, 35, 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, L. (2002). Using Nvivo in qualitative research. Melbourne: QSR International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roland, E. (1998). School influences on bullying. Durham: University of Durham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmivalli, C., Karhunen, J., & Lagerspetz, K. M. J. (1996). How do the victims respond to bullying? Aggressive Behavior, 22(2), 99–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Søndergaard, D. M. (2009). Mobning og social eksklusionsangst (Bullying and social exclusion anxiety), s. 21–58. In J. Kofoed & D. M. Søndergaard (Red.), Mobning. Sociale processer på afveje (Bullying. Social processes gone awry). København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.

  • Søndergaard, D. M. (2012). Bullying and social exclusion anxiety in schools. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33(3), 355–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (2004). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worshel & W. Austin (Eds.), The psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varjas, K., Meyers, J., Bellmoff, L., Lopp, E., Birckbichler, L., & Marshall, M. (2008). Missing voices: Fourth through eighth grade urban students’ perceptions of bullying. Journal of School Violence, 7(4), 97–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vedeler, L. (2000). Observasjonsforskning i pedagogiske fag: En innføring i bruk av metoder (Observation researach in educational subjects: An introduction to the use of methods). Oslo: Gyldendal akademisk.

  • Viala, E. S. (2013). Er det mig, der er noget galt med? - et kontekstuelt blik på sammenhænge mellom børns individuelle forutsetninger, oppvækstbetingelser og mobning. (Is there something wrong with me? A contextual look at connections between children`s individual preconditions, life situations and bulllying). In J. Kofoed &D. M. Søndergaard (Red.), Mobning gentænkt (Bulllying reconsidered) (s. 259–290). København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.

  • Vlachou, M., Andreou, E., Botsoglou, K., & Didaskalou, E. (2011). Bully/victim problems among preschool children: A review of current research evidence. Educational Psychology Review, 23(3), 329–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ytterhus, B. (2002). Sosialt samvær mellom barn: Inklusjon og eksklusjon i Kindergartenn. (Social interaction between children: Inclusion and exclusion). Oslo: Abstrakt forl.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anne Helgeland.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Helgeland, A., Lund, I. Children’s Voices on Bullying in Kindergarten. Early Childhood Educ J 45, 133–141 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-016-0784-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-016-0784-z

Keywords

Navigation