Abstract
Research suggests that bullying does occur in kindergarten. The extent of bullying in Norway and other Scandinavian countries is estimated to be about 12 %. The purpose of this study is to investigate children’s understanding and experiences of bullying. We use a qualitative approach and have conducted individual interviews and focus group interviews with a total of 31 children, 5 year-olds, in 4 different kindergartens. Additionally, observations were made of 4–5 year-olds in the same kindergartens, 142 children in total. The results show that the children describe bullying as doing or saying “something mean”. Exclusion from play is what all the children fear the most. This study shows that 1–2 children in each kindergarten are systematically excluded from play, and these children are overlooked by both other children and the adults in kindergarten.
This is a preview of subscription content,
to check access.Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Cf. def. p. 2.
References
Alsaker, F. D., & Nägele, C. (2008). Bullying in kindergarten and prevention. An International Perspective on Understanding and Addressing Bullying, 1, 230–252.
Bratterud, Å., Sandseter, E. B. H., & Seland, M. (2012). Barns trivsel og medvirkning i Kindergartenn. Barns,foreldre og ansattes perspektiver (Children’s well-being and contribution in kindergarten. Children’s, parent’s and employees’ perspectives) (h. f. f. Barnevernets utviklingssenter og Dronning Mauds Minne, Trans.) Skriftserien fra barnevernets utviklingssenter i Midt-Norge (vol. 21). Trondheim: NTNU.
Bryman, A. (2008). The nature of qualitative research. I. Social research methods (3rd ed., pp. 363–398). New York: Oxford University Press.
Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. M., & Verlove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2005). Bullying: Who does what, when and where? Involment of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior. Health Educational Research, 20(1), 81–91.
Giorgi, A. (1997). The theory, practice and evaluation of the phenomenological method and qualitative reserarch procedure. Journal of the Phenomenological Psychology, 28(2), 26–41.
Giorgi, A. (2004). A way to overcome the methodological vicissitudes involved in researching subjectivity. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 35(1), 1–25.
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 8(4), 597–607.
Greve, A. (2009). Friendship and participation among young children in a Norwegian kindergarten. In D. Berthelsen, J. Brownlee, & E. Johansson (Eds.), Participatory learning in the early years, research and pedagogy (pp. 78–92). Newyork, NY: Routledge.
Haavind, H. (2013). Hvem bilder han sig ind, at han er? Genforhandlinger af venskaber mellem børn i overgangen mellem barndom og ungdom. (Who does he think he is? Renegotiation of friendship in the transition from child to adolescent). In J. Kofoed & D. M. Søndergaard (Red.), Mobning gentænkt (Bullying reconsidered) (s. 193–226). København: Hans Reitzels forlag. Denmark.
Hanish, L. D., Ryan, P., Martin, C. L., & Fabes, R. A. (2004). The social context of young children’s peer victimication. Social Development, 14(1), 2–19.
Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2005). Introduction to research methods in psychology. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Kirves, L., & Sajaniemi, N. (2012). Bullying in early educational settings. Early Child Development and Care, 182(3–4), 383–400.
Kochenderfer, B. J., & Ladd, G. W. (1996). Peer victimization: Manifestations and relations to school adjustment in kindergarten. Journal of School Psychology, 34(3), 267–283.
Kochenderfer, B. J., & Ladd, G. W. (1997). Victimized children’s responses to peers’ aggression: Behaviors associated with reduced versus continued victimization. Development and Psychopathology, 9(01), 59–73.
Kofoed, J., & Søndergaard, D. M. (2013). Mobning gentænkt (Bullying reconsidered). København: Hans Reitzel.
Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. London: SAGE.
Lødrup, T. (2011). Hvorfor er barn bestevenner?: En kvalitativ og kvantitativ studie av barns vennskap. (Why are children friends? A qualitative and quantitative study of children`s friendships). Oslo: T. Lødrup.
Lund, I. (2015). Dropping out or holdning on? Dropping out as a sign of the difficulties experienced by adolescents with social, emotinal and behavioral difficulties (SEBD) in the transition to upper secondary school. Transitions in the field of special education. Theoretical perspectives and implications for practice (pp. 205–217). Norway, Kristiansand: Waxmann Verlag.
Mayall, B. (Ed.). (2000). Concersations with children. London: Falmer Press.
Monks, C. P., & Coyne, I. (2011). Bullying in different contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Morgan, M., Gibbs, S., Maxwell, K., & Britten, N. (2000). Hearing children’s voices: Methodological issues in conducting focus groups with children aged 7–11 years. Qualitative Research, 2(1), 5–20.
Myong, L., & Søndergaard, D. M. (2013). Om mobningens vandringer mellem enshed og forskellighed. (On bullying and its motions between uniformity and difference). In I. J. Kofoed & D. M. Søndergaard (Red.), Mobning gentænkt (Bullying reconsidered) (s. 318–340). København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school what we know and what we can do. Oxford: Blackwell.
Paley, V. G. (2009). You can’t say you can`t play. Boston: Harvard University Press.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation method (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Perren, S. (2000). Kindergarten children involved in bullying: Social behaviour, peer relationships, and social status. Thesis, Universität Bern, Basel.
Repo, L., & Sajaniemi, N. (2014). Bystanders’ roles and children with special educational needs in bullying situations among preschool-aged children. Early Years, 35, 1–17.
Richards, L. (2002). Using Nvivo in qualitative research. Melbourne: QSR International.
Roland, E. (1998). School influences on bullying. Durham: University of Durham.
Salmivalli, C., Karhunen, J., & Lagerspetz, K. M. J. (1996). How do the victims respond to bullying? Aggressive Behavior, 22(2), 99–109.
Søndergaard, D. M. (2009). Mobning og social eksklusionsangst (Bullying and social exclusion anxiety), s. 21–58. In J. Kofoed & D. M. Søndergaard (Red.), Mobning. Sociale processer på afveje (Bullying. Social processes gone awry). København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.
Søndergaard, D. M. (2012). Bullying and social exclusion anxiety in schools. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33(3), 355–372.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (2004). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worshel & W. Austin (Eds.), The psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
Varjas, K., Meyers, J., Bellmoff, L., Lopp, E., Birckbichler, L., & Marshall, M. (2008). Missing voices: Fourth through eighth grade urban students’ perceptions of bullying. Journal of School Violence, 7(4), 97–118.
Vedeler, L. (2000). Observasjonsforskning i pedagogiske fag: En innføring i bruk av metoder (Observation researach in educational subjects: An introduction to the use of methods). Oslo: Gyldendal akademisk.
Viala, E. S. (2013). Er det mig, der er noget galt med? - et kontekstuelt blik på sammenhænge mellom børns individuelle forutsetninger, oppvækstbetingelser og mobning. (Is there something wrong with me? A contextual look at connections between children`s individual preconditions, life situations and bulllying). In J. Kofoed &D. M. Søndergaard (Red.), Mobning gentænkt (Bulllying reconsidered) (s. 259–290). København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.
Vlachou, M., Andreou, E., Botsoglou, K., & Didaskalou, E. (2011). Bully/victim problems among preschool children: A review of current research evidence. Educational Psychology Review, 23(3), 329–358.
Ytterhus, B. (2002). Sosialt samvær mellom barn: Inklusjon og eksklusjon i Kindergartenn. (Social interaction between children: Inclusion and exclusion). Oslo: Abstrakt forl.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Helgeland, A., Lund, I. Children’s Voices on Bullying in Kindergarten. Early Childhood Educ J 45, 133–141 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-016-0784-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-016-0784-z