Abstract
We evaluated the impact of short-term captive housing on gut flora diversity in Fundulus heteroclitus by characterizing culturable gut bacteria immediately after fish capture and following short-term (28-day) captive housing. Bacterial colony and cell morphology served as crude but statistically significant endpoints for detecting alteration in culturable gut bacteria following F. heteroclitus short-term captive housing. 16S rRNA sequence analyses of isolates from short-term captive-housed F. heteroclitus produced fewer families (68%), genera (69%), and species (63%) identities resulting in lower species richness (63%), 2.4-fold lower Margalef’s Index, 1.7-fold lower Menhinick’s Index, 28.6% lower Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index, 2.1-fold greater Simpson Dominance Index, 1.5-fold greater Berger-Parker Dominance, and 2.9-fold lower Fisher’s Alpha Diversity Index. When comparing isolate populations from field and short-term captive-housed fish, Sorenson’s Similarity Coefficient (CC) was 0.081, and Jaccard’s Distance Coefficient (1-J) was 0.958. Based upon these observations, our study provides clear evidence for the substantial and negative impact of short-term captive housing on F. heteroclitus gut flora diversity.
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The submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full). The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Department of Biological Sciences in the College of Arts and Sciences and the Department of Biomedical Sciences in the School of Health Sciences at Quinnipiac University for support of this research. We thank the Connecticut Audubon Society Coastal Center at Milford Point for access to the fish collection area and the Keck DNA Sequencing Facility at Yale for their assistance with DNA sequencing. We also thank Dr. Dennis Richardson for his time and comments on this manuscript. Finally, we thank our three anonymous reviewers—they each completed a thorough critique of our work and provided constructive and detailed comments that were very helpful in the peer-review/revision process.
Funding
This study was funded in part by an internal granting process supported by the Quinnipiac University, College of Arts and Sciences (CAS Grant-in-Aid 2017–2018, CAS Grant-in-Aid 2019–2020) awarded to Lisa A. E. Kaplan, Ph.D. Additional funding was supplied by the Quinnipiac University School of Health Sciences grants (SHS Grant 2017–2018, SHS Grant 2018–2019) awarded to Jeffrey Mital, PhD.
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Criterion (1) Lisa A. E. Kaplan, Ph.D., Richard S. Feinn, Ph.D., Jeffery Mital, Ph.D., and Jonathan D. Blake, Ph.D.—substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work. Joseph P. Battaglia, Christian M. Kearney, Kirsten Guerette, Jordan Corbishley, Emily Sanchez, Brennah Kent, Hanna Storie, Emma Sharp, Shane Martin, and Matthew Saberito—substantial contributions to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.
Criterion (2) Lisa A. E. Kaplan, Ph.D., Richard S. Feinn, Ph.D., and Joseph P. Battaglia—drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content.
Criterion (3) Lisa A. E. Kaplan, Ph.D. and Richard S. Feinn, Ph.D. approved the version to be published.
Criterion (4) Lisa A. E. Kaplan, Ph.D., Jeffery Mital, Ph.D., Richard S. Feinn, Ph.D., and Jonathan D. Blake, Ph.D. agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
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In this study, all procedures involving animals are in compliance and in accordance with the ethical standards of the Quinnipiac University, where the studies were conducted, and approved by Quinnipiac University’s IACUC (PROTOCOL #10–2015-03 and PROTOCOL # 2018 KAP 001). The research did not involve human participants.
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Battaglia, J.P., Kearney, C.M., Guerette, K. et al. Use of multiple endpoints to assess the impact of captivity on gut flora diversity in Long Island Sound Fundulus heteroclitus. Environ Biol Fish 105, 867–883 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01293-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01293-x