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Puddingwife wrasse: an important trophic link of an isolated oceanic island in Brazil

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Abstract

Invertivorous fish species such as Halichoeres radiatus feed on benthic active prey and need to spend most of their time foraging. Even though the Labridae family is one of the most speciose in reef environments, the knowledge on feeding habits and behavior of this group continues being a major topic on trophic ecology. The present work aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior, diet, and the substrate selectivity of H. radiatus in the remote Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA), where this is the only species of this trophic group, and adds understanding about the role of this species in this singular system. Individuals of H. radiatus were captured and had their diet analyzed in the laboratory to identify and quantify their food items. Direct observations using scuba diving were also performed to describe the daily foraging frequency. Photoquadrats were taken to estimate the substrate relative cover, as a proxy of resource availability. The diet of H. radiatus in SPSPA was mainly composed of damselfish eggs and crustaceans in addition to gastropods, mollusks, and sponges, which reinforces its generalist feeding habits. Individuals of H. radiatus foraged mainly on substrates composed by epilithic algal matrix, which was the most abundant substrate in the study area, but preferred bare rocks and sediment. The foraging activity was constant throughout the daytime, decreasing at sunset. Our results suggest that H. radiatus has a generalist habit, supporting the idea that it is a versatile species, foraging all day long, and constituting an important link in the trophic chain of the archipelago.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M Sissini and H Burnier for language review of the manuscript, A Dalben and Olga for field assistance, besides V Giglio and other reviewers for helpful comments.

Funding

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico — CNPQ (Programa Pro-Arquipélago) and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro — FAPERJ (MBL scholarship). CAMMC is also grateful to FAPERJ for the post-doctoral scholarship (grant E-26/202.310/2019).

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  1. Reef System Ecology and Conservation Lab, Marine Biology Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 100644, Brazil

    Marcos B. de Lucena

  2. Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil

    Cesar A. M. M. Cordeiro

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 68020, Brazil

    Jean L. Valentin & Aline A. Aguiar

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Correspondence to Cesar A. M. M. Cordeiro.

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All sampling have been conducted as per the guidelines of the federal environmental authority (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade — ICMBio) which provided the proper permit and consent (ICMBio permit #25678-1) before sampling activities. No approval of research ethics committees was required to accomplish the goals of this study because it was considered as a fishing activity by competent authorities. However, all animals involved were captured following strict practices causing instant death to avoid and minimize animal suffering.

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Table 2 Substrate availability (%) at St Peter and St Paul Archipelago, percentage bites per substrate invested by Halichoeres radiatus
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de Lucena, M.B., Cordeiro, C.A.M.M., Valentin, J.L. et al. Puddingwife wrasse: an important trophic link of an isolated oceanic island in Brazil. Environ Biol Fish 105, 561–573 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01265-1

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