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A new element in the migration cycle of the European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis: downstream migration from a lake

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Abstract

In 2019, during spring flood, we collected unusual Lampetra fluviatilis smolts migrating from a small lake, as part of a multi-year survey in the Chernaya River (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea). They differed from the ordinary Lampetra fluviatilis individuals in some of the features, mainly size. The emigration occurred at the darkest period of night and during extreme flooding, which significantly worsened the conditions in the Lake Gladyshevskoe and Chernaya River. In these individuals, lacus smolts, emigration occurred in the spring season with the migration of ordinary flumen specimens. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain the observation of large lacus (148–165 mm) individuals: they are seaward migrants, within expected body sizes of European river lamprey species but unusual for Gulf of Finland tributaries; the lake is a transitional habitat, and the postmetamorphic lacus juveniles migrating through it from a tributary; postmetamorphic lacus juveniles spend some time feeding in a lake but emigrated due to environmental conditions; larvae of European river lamprey, developing in the eutrophic lake, reach greater sizes than riverine larvae before transformation and subsequently produce larger juveniles.

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Data availability

Samples designated IEE are stored in the collection of lampreys in the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, and datasets of their geographic positions are deposited in the GBIF. Samples designated NRM are stored in the collection of fish and amphibians of the Swedish Museum of Natural History (Stockholm, Sweden). Data may be shared by the authors upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the employees of the Reserve Gladyshevsky, and its administration; Skorobogatov M.A. for the assistance in carrying out the research; Krapivin V.A. for his help in identification of parasites and their life stage; Bo Delling, the keeper of the collection of fish and amphibians of the Swedish Museum of Natural History, for the information and photographs of the lampreys, as well as the staff of the laboratory of the behavior of the lower vertebrate IEE RAS Kostin V.V., Kirillov P.I., Kirillova E.A., and Kolotei A.V. for comments on the text of the paper. We are incredibly pleased with the help that Audrey Thompson gave us with the translation, Dr. Benjamin Clemens and Dr. John Hume for their comments to the draft of the paper, and for the very helpful comments and suggestions provided by two anonymous reviewers.

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The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (19–14-00015).

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  1. Aleksandr V. Kucheryavyy, Aleksandr O. Zvezdin, Natalia V. Polyakova and Dmitry S. Pavlov contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia

    Aleksandr V. Kucheryavyy, Aleksandr O. Zvezdin, Natalia V. Polyakova & Dmitry S. Pavlov

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A.V.K., A.O.Z., and N.V.P. designed and performed the field works, observations, and data analysis; N.V.P estimated the Nematodes. All authors wrote the paper, read, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Aleksandr V. Kucheryavyy.

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Kucheryavyy, A.V., Zvezdin, A.O., Polyakova, N.V. et al. A new element in the migration cycle of the European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis: downstream migration from a lake. Environ Biol Fish 105, 1857–1871 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01249-1

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