Abstract
Drainage development and climatic fluctuations shape the phylogeographic patterns of freshwater fish species. In this study, we used the mitochondrial control region to determine the population structure and demographical history of the leopard mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) in the Pearl River drainage and to test whether the historical development of the river and climatic changes that occurred in southern China have influenced the phylogeographic patterns of this species. Phylogenetic analyses, the use of haplotype networks, and population structure analyses revealed two geographically distinct genetic lineages, A and B. Lineage A was widespread in the Xijiang and Beijiang Rivers, whereas lineage B was only detected in the Dongjiang River. Dating analyses and biogeographic analyses indicated that the two lineages originated from a vicariance event 1.11 million years ago (Ma), which coincides with the historical development of the drainage during the early Quaternary period. Demographic analyses showed that the populations of lineage B experienced sharp demographic contraction of 0.01 Ma, which suggests that sea-level transgression after the Last Glacial Maximum may have played a critical role in the population demography of lineage B. By contrast, the populations of lineage A were less influenced by the sea-level transgression owing to larger distribution ranges. Overall, our study uncovered the phylogeographic patterns of Siniperca scherzeri in the Pearl River drainage and provides valuable information for the management and conservation of this species.
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Data availability
Novel DNA sequences presented in this study have been submitted to GenBank with accession numbers of OL330809–OL330973.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Natalie Kim, PhD, from Liwen Bianji (Edanz) (www.liwenbianji.cn/) for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-46), China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund (CAMC-2018F), and National Freshwater Genetic Resource Center (NFGR-2020).
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Conceptualization: X.L. and Y.D.; methodology: M.L., X.L., J.G.; software: M.L., X.L., J.G.; validation: M.L., X.L., J.G.; formal analysis: M.L., X.L.; investigation: M.L., X.L., J.G., Y.D., Y.K., Q.Z.; resources: X.L., J.G., Y.D., Y.K., Q.Z.; data curation: M.L., X.L.; writing—original draft preparation: M.L., X.L.; writing—review and editing: M.L., X.L., J.G., Y.D., Y.K., Q.Z.; visualization: M.L., X.L., J.G.; supervision: X.L., J.G., Y.D.; project administration: M.L., X.L., J.G.; funding acquisition: M.L., X.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Lin, M., Liang, X., Gao, J. et al. Phylogeographic structure and population demography of the leopard mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) in the Pearl River drainage. Environ Biol Fish 105, 477–486 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01247-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01247-3