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Spatio-temporal distribution of Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) and White Sturgeon (A. transmontanus) in the San Francisco Estuary and Sacramento River, California

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A Publisher Correction to this article was published on 14 July 2020

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Abstract

Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) and White Sturgeon (A. transmontanus) are closely related species inhabiting the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) and Sacramento River. Both spawn in the Sacramento River. White Sturgeon typically remain within SFE throughout their lives while subadult and adult Green Sturgeon make marine migrations. These broad-scale patterns are known. However, the reach-specific timing of spawning migrations is not, and little is known about seasonal movements of juveniles and subadults. We tagged 41 Green and 160 White Sturgeon with acoustic transmitters (2010–2012). Analyses also included 167 previously tagged sturgeon. Over 300 receivers deployed throughout the Sacramento River, SFE, and nearshore Pacific Coast detected movements. Adult Green Sturgeon moved quickly though SFE to their spawning reach, using the mainstem through the Delta. 5% of spawning Green Sturgeon remained on the spawning reach for over 300 days. White Sturgeon spent significantly less time in their spawning reach before exiting (32 ± 48.2 days vs. 197 ± 97.3 days) and instead selected northern Delta sloughs over the mainstem for pre-spawning migrations. Even at earlier life stages, Green Sturgeon had more marine distributions than White Sturgeon. Juveniles and subadults of both species moved between the San Francisco Bay and Delta throughout the year, but only White Sturgeon overwintered in the Delta. Additionally, we refine several life history parameters for sturgeon in California. We provide a comprehensive characterization of Green and White Sturgeon movements within the SFE and Sacramento River across life stages. These analyses will inform reach-specific management of each species.

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  • 14 July 2020

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Joel Van Eenennaam, Robert Kaufman, Ethan Mora, Anna Steel, Jamilynn Poletto, Tommy Agousta, Matt Pagel, Talene Baghdassarian, Brian Jack, and Garret Leidy from UC Davis provided field, lab, and database assistance and training. California Department of Fish and Wildlife and NOAA Fisheries assisted with permitting. CDFW enabled our team to tag sturgeon during their annual sturgeon survey by providing significant in-kind support. CDFW environmental scientists, boat operators, and scientific aides made the field work possible. Michael Holm provided boat operation and enabled the capture of elusive fish for tagging. Drs. Nann Fangue and Peter Moyle provided reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript and Dr. Neil Willits provided statistical advice. NOAA Fisheries, USBR, USFWS, ECORP, CDWR, and USGS collaborated on the operation of the receiver array. All handling, care, and experimental procedures used were reviewed and approved by the U.C. Davis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee #17442.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA

    Emily A. Miller

  2. University of California, Davis, Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology Department, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Emily A. Miller, Gabriel P. Singer, Matthew L. Peterson, Eric D. Chapman, Myfanwy E. Johnston, Michael J. Thomas, Ryan D. Battleson, Marty Gingras & A. Peter Klimley

  3. FISHBIO, 180 East 4th Street, Suite 160, Chico, CA, 95928, USA

    Matthew L. Peterson

  4. ICF, 980 9th Street, Suite 1200, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA

    Eric D. Chapman

  5. Cramer Fish Science, 1300 New Airport Road, Suite 103, Auburn, CA, 95602, USA

    Myfanwy E. Johnston

  6. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Salmon and Trout Enhancement Program, 1495 E Gregory Road, Central Point, OR, 97502, USA

    Ryan D. Battleson

  7. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2109 Arch Airport Rd, Stockton, CA, 95206, USA

    Marty Gingras

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  1. Emily A. Miller
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Miller, E.A., Singer, G.P., Peterson, M.L. et al. Spatio-temporal distribution of Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) and White Sturgeon (A. transmontanus) in the San Francisco Estuary and Sacramento River, California. Environ Biol Fish 103, 577–603 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-020-00972-x

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