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Age validation and seasonal growth patterns of a subtropical marsh fish: The Gulf Killifish, Fundulus grandis

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Abstract

Fundulus grandis (Baird and Girard), the Gulf Killifish, is an abundant species throughout the marshes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Its wide distribution and high site fidelity makes it an ideal indicator species for brackish and salt marshes, which experience a variety of anthropogenic disturbances. Despite the ecological, commercial, and scientific importance of F. grandis, age determination methods have not been validated and little is known of its growth pattern. By combining a tag-recapture study with a chemical marker to stain otoliths, we validated an ageing method for F. grandis adults (49–128 mm TL) using whole sagittal otoliths and determined growth rates of recaptured individuals in winter (n = 58) and summer (n = 36) in Louisiana. Mean somatic growth in length was significantly greater during the winter (0.085 mm d−1) than summer (0.054 mm d−1). In contrast, mean otolith growth was significantly greater in summer (1.37 μm d−1) than winter (0.826 μm d−1). The uncoupling of somatic and otolith growth may be primarily attributed to warm summer temperatures, which led to enhanced otolith growth while simultaneously reducing somatic growth. Fundulus grandis was aged to a maximum of 2.25 years. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth model were estimated as: L ∞  = 87.27 mm, k = 2.43 year−1, and t 0 = −0.022. These findings reveal essential age and growth information for F. grandis and provide a benchmark to evaluate responses to environmental disturbances.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON) for assistance with fieldwork and the Rutgers University Marine Field Station (RUMFS) for lab space and equipment. We are thankful to F. J. Fodrie, C. Filosa, and M. Rich for their invaluable assistance, to D. Vivian for supplying larval data, to M. Hernandez, J. Fiorendino, M. Gronske, and K. Rasheed for assistance dissecting out otoliths and coded wire tags, and to P. Falkowski, K. Wyman, K. Bidle, G. Taghon, and C. Fuller for use of lab equipment. The members of the NEFSC ageing lab provided a warm welcome and valuable insight. We appreciate the thoughtful comments from two anonymous reviewers who helped improve this manuscript. This research was made possible by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the Coastal Waters Consortium. The funders had no role in the design, execution, or analyses of this project. Data are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org (doi: 10.7266/N7SF2T32).

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  1. Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Anthony R. Vastano & Olaf P. Jensen

  2. Rutgers University Marine Field Station, Rutgers University, Tuckerton, NJ, USA

    Kenneth W. Able & Paola C. López-Duarte

  3. UF/IFAS Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, USA

    Charles W. Martin

  4. Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA, USA

    Brian J. Roberts

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  1. Anthony R. Vastano
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All applicable institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. Research was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol # 88–042 “Determinants of fish habitat quality in stressed and unstressed estuaries.”

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This study was funded by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the Coastal Waters Consortium.

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Vastano, A.R., Able, K.W., Jensen, O.P. et al. Age validation and seasonal growth patterns of a subtropical marsh fish: The Gulf Killifish, Fundulus grandis . Environ Biol Fish 100, 1315–1327 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0645-7

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