Abstract
Currently, biodiversity is threatened by several factors often associated with human population growth and the extension of areas occupied by human activity. In particular, freshwater fish fauna is affected by overfishing, deforestation, water pollution, introduction of exotic species and habitat fragmentation promoted by hydroelectric dams, among other environmental impact factors. Several action plans to preserve ichthyofauna biodiversity have been adopted; however, these plans frequently cover only a small number of species, and decisions are often made without strong scientific support. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic aspects of wild groups of Brycon orbignyanus, an endangered fish species, using microsatellites and D-loop regions to identify the genetic structure of the samples and to establish priority areas for conservation based on the genetic patterns of this species. The results indicated that the samples showed levels of genetic variability compatible with others studies with Neotropical fishes. However, the results obtained in the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for microsatellites (F ST = 0.258) and D-loop (F ST = 0.234) and the interpopulation fixation index revealed that B. orbignyanus was structured in different subpopulations in the La Plata River basin; the areas with better environmental conditions also showed subgroups with higher rates of genetic variability. Future conservation actions addressing these sites should consider two different management units: the complex formed by the Ivinhema River, Upper Paraná, Camargo Port and Ilha Grande groups; and the complex formed by the Verde River and Sucuriu River groups.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the National Centre for Research and Conservation of Continental Fish (ICMBio/CEPTA), Ilha Grande National Park (ICMBio), Inter-Municipal Consortium for Conservation of Remnant of the Parana River and Hinterlands (CORIPA), Santa Catarina Federal University (UFSC), State University of Maringá (UEM) and State University of Londrina (UEL), for their collaboration in the development of this study.
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Fig. 1
Graphic of Delta K values obtained through the Structure software for all microsatellite loci. Y axis for the values of delta (K) and X axis for the different values of K tested (DOC 386 kb)
Tabela 1
Data of four microsatellite loci for each population of B. orbignyanus. N = number of samples; Na = number of alleles; Np = number of private alleles; Ho = observed heterozygosity; He = expected heterozygosity; FIS = fixation index (inbreeding); HWE = probability values in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium; * = P ≤ 0.012 adjusted with the Bonferroni Correction; R = frequency of null alleles per locus (DOC 93 kb)
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Ashikaga, F.Y., Orsi, M.L., Oliveira, C. et al. The endangered species Brycon orbignyanus: genetic analysis and definition of priority areas for conservation. Environ Biol Fish 98, 1845–1855 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-015-0402-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-015-0402-8