Abstract
Although the shape of fish scales is useful for determining stock membership, the role of extrinsic (e.g. habitat, food type) and intrinsic (e.g. growth) factors in determining variation in fish scales shape has not been determined. This study examined whether fish scale shape changes as a result of compensatory growth in juveniles of the cyprinid roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) reared on a fish farm in the UK. This was analyzed using geometric morphometric methods. Sufficient evidence was generated to accept the assumption that food availability and type between different growing-out facilities resulted in compensatory growth and this was sufficient to cause scale shape differences. This was tested using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) analysis with the principal components scores of specimens (PCs) as dependent variables, to investigate whether fish scale shape (where the configuration of landmark coordinates were scaled, translated and rotated) form (where the configuration of landmark coordinates were translated and rotated not scaled) and allometry free (allometrically adjusting scale shape according to length) are related to holding facility (as fixed factor). Cross validated discriminant analysis was used to assess and compare the efficacy of shape, form and allometry free information. Identification rates are much better than chance with allometry free and shape alone, and classification is improved when size is taken into account.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank A. Henshaw, N. Eyre and all the other staff at Calverton Fish Farm, and J. Bolland, R. Noble and D. Rollins of HIFI, for their assistance in collecting the scale samples. We thank to Paul O’Higgins for his geometric morphometric analysis advice.
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Ibáñez, A.L., Pacheco-Almanzar, E. & Cowx, I.G. Does compensatory growth modify fish scale shape?. Environ Biol Fish 94, 477–482 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9962-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9962-4