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The genetic population structure of lacustrine sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in Japan as the endangered species

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Abstract

Lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) are listed as an endangered species in Japan despite little genetic information on their population structure. In order to clarify the genetic diversity and structure of Japanese populations for evaluating on the bottleneck effect and an endangered species, we analyzed the ND5 region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 640 lacustrine sockeye salmon in Japan and 80 anadromous sockeye salmon in Iliamna Lake of Alaska. The genetic diversity of the Japanese population in both mtDNA and SNPs was significantly less than that of the Iliamna Lake population. Moreover, all Japanese populations had SNP loci deviating from the HWE. In spite of low genetic diversity, the SNP analyses resulted that the Japanese population was significantly divided into three groups. These suggest that Japanese sockeye salmon populations should be protected as an endangered species and genetically disturbed by the hatchery program and transplantations.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following help and input with this project: Fisheries Cooperative Associations of Shikotu Lake, Towada Lake and Akan Lake for providing DNA samples; Carita Pascal, Eric Grau and Jessie Tsai (IPSEG, University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences) for help with laboratory analysis. We also thank the Maeda Ippoenn foundation for admitting to Akan Lake. This study was supported by a Grant–in–Aid for Scientific Research (B) from the Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (license number 21380113), and The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan

    Yuichiro Kogura

  2. School of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, University of Washington, 1122 Boat ST NE, Seattle, WA, 98146, USA

    James E. Seeb

  3. Nodai Bioresources Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196, Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan

    Noriko Azuma

  4. Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan

    Hideaki Kudo, Syuiti Abe & Masahide Kaeriyama

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  1. Yuichiro Kogura
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  2. James E. Seeb
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  3. Noriko Azuma
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  4. Hideaki Kudo
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  5. Syuiti Abe
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  6. Masahide Kaeriyama
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Correspondence to Masahide Kaeriyama.

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Kogura, Y., Seeb, J.E., Azuma, N. et al. The genetic population structure of lacustrine sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in Japan as the endangered species. Environ Biol Fish 92, 539–550 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9876-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9876-1

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