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Continuous wavelet transform analysis of ERG in patients with diabetic retinopathy

  • Original Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is a stage of the disease that contains morphological and functional disruption of the retinal vasculature and dysfunction of retinal neurons. This study aimed to compare time and time–frequency-domain analysis in the evaluation of electroretinograms (ERGs) in subjects with NPDR.

Method

The ERG responses were recorded in 16 eyes from 12 patients with NPDR and 24 eyes from 12 healthy subjects as the control group. The implicit time, amplitude, and time–frequency-domain parameters of photopic and scotopic ERGs were analyzed.

Results

The implicit times of b-waves in the dark-adapted 10.0 (P = 0.0513) and light-adapted 3.0 (P = 0.0414) were significantly increased in the NPDR group. The amplitudes of a- and b-wave showed a significantly decreased dark-adapted 10.0 (P = 0.0212; P = 0.0133) and light-adapted 3.0 (P = 0.0517; P = 0.0021) ERG of the NPDR group. The Cohen's d effect size had higher values in the amplitude of dark-adapted 10.0 b-wave (|d|= 1.8058) and amplitude of light-adapted 3.0 b-wave (|d|= 1.9662). The CWT results showed that the frequency ranges of the dominant components in dark-adapted 10.0 and light-adapted 3.0 ERG were decreased in the NPDR group compared to the healthy group (P < 0.05). The times associated with the NDPR group's dominant components were increased compared to normal eyes in both dark-adapted 10.0 and light-adapted 3.0 ERG (P < 0.05). All Cohen's d effect sizes of the implicit times and dominant frequency components were on a large scale (|d|> 1).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the time and time–frequency parameters of both photopic and scotopic ERGs can be good indicators for DR. However, time–frequency-domain analysis could present more information might be helpful in the assessment of the DR severity.

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Abbreviations

CRD:

Cone-rod dystrophy

CRVO:

Central retinal vein occlusion

CSNB:

Congenital stationary night blindness

CWT:

Continuous wavelet transform

DWT:

Discrete wavelet transform

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

EEG:

Electroencephalogram

ERG:

Electroretinogram

FFERG:

Full-field ERG

ISCEV:

Clinical electrophysiology of vision

NPDR:

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

OCT:

Optical coherent tomography

OPs:

Oscillatory potentials

PDR:

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

PhNR:

Photopic negative response

RP:

Retinitis pigmentosa

SD:

Standard deviation

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, for collaborating on classifying and reviewing the clinical information of patients and the database registration.

Funding

Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, funded this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Ahmadieh

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Soroor Behbahani

  3. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sare Safi

Authors
  1. Hamid Ahmadieh
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  2. Soroor Behbahani
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  3. Sare Safi
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Correspondence to Soroor Behbahani.

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Hamid Ahmadieh declares that she has no conflict of interest. Soroor Behbahani declares that she has no conflict of interest. Sare Safi declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were, according to the standards of the Ethics Committee of the Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and correlated with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all participants recruited in this study.

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Ahmadieh, H., Behbahani, S. & Safi, S. Continuous wavelet transform analysis of ERG in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Doc Ophthalmol 142, 305–314 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10633-020-09805-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10633-020-09805-9

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